Chapter 15 -- Eukaryoric Cell Cycle, Mitosis & Meiosis
Polyploidy in plants
All of below:
Polyploidy in plants
Blooms Level: 2.
Understand
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.04.04 Give examples
of how changes in chromosome number affect the characteristics of
animals and plants.
Section: 15.04 Variation in Chromosome
Structure and Number
Topic: Meiosis
Meiosis I produces ________, and meiosis II produces _________ cells.
two haploid, 4 haploid
Meiosis I produces ________, and meiosis II ...
Blooms Level:
1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.03.02 Outline the key
events that occur during the phases of meiosis.
Section: 15.03
Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
Topic: Meiosis
Colchicine is a toxin that binds to tubulin proteins and prevents microtubules from polymerizing. What affect might this have on dividing cells?
Sister chromatids will not be properly separated into separate daughter cells
You prepare the first ever karyotype of an endangered species of frog. Upon examination you find that all the chromosomes are metacentric. This is going to make it difficult to identify
both the p and q arms of the chromosome.
You prepare the first ever karyotype of an e...
Blooms Level:
2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.01.01 Describe the
features of chromosomes and how sets of chromosomes are examined
microscopically.
Section: 15.01 The Eukaryotic Cell
Cycle
Topic: Cell Cycle and Mitosis.
Which of the following is NOT a checkpoint that controls the progression of the cell cycle?
Cytokinesis involves the formation of cleavage furrow to separate the cells.
The control of the cell cycle involves all o...
Blooms
Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.01.03
Explain how cyclins and cdks work together to advance a cell through
the eukaryotic cell cycle.
Section: 15.01 The Eukaryotic Cell
Cycle
Topic: Cell Cycle and Mitosis
Consider a cell in which all of the homologous chromosomes experience nondisjunction during meiosis I. What would be the result of this event?
"Resulting are aneuploid, resulting in gametes with 4 chromosomes and 2 chromosomes instead of 3"
?two polyploid gametes
?one trisomic and three monosomic gametes
?four aneuploid gametes
?four monosomic gametes
X four aneuploid gametes: one trisomic and three monosomic
Consider a cell in which all of the homologo...
Blooms
Level: 4. Analyze
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.04.03 Compare
and contrast changes in the number of sets of chromosomes and changes
in the number of individual chromosomes.
Section: 15.04
Variation in Chromosome Structure and Number
Topic: Meiosis
Chromosomes inside the nucleus do not overlap with each other because
they all have a specific chromosome territory that is determined by the nuclear matrix.
Chromosomes inside the nucleus do not overla...
Blooms
Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.01.01
Describe the features of chromosomes and how sets of chromosomes are
examined microscopically.
Section: 15.01 The Eukaryotic Cell
Cycle
Topic: Cell Cycle and Mitosis
Which of the following statements about sister chromatids is TRUE?
?Sister chromatids are produced during mitosis
?Sister chromatids are held together by complementary base pairing of DNA at the centromere
2 = ?Sister chromatids are exact copies of each other
X Sister chromatids contain the same genes, but they may have different alleles
X All
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Gradable: automatic
LO:
15.02.01 Describe how the replication of eukaryotic chromosomes
produces sister chromatids.
Section: 15.02 Mitotic Cell
Division
Topic: Cell Cycle and Mitosis
What does not happen in the cytokinesis of plant cells?
Formation of cleavage furrow to separate the cells
What does not happen in the cytokinesis of p...
Blooms
Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.02.03
Outline the key events that occur during the phases of
mitosis.
Section: 15.02 Mitotic Cell Division
Topic: Cell
Cycle and Mitosis
The process by which haploid cells are produced from diploid cells is called
meiosis
The process by which haploid cells are produ...
Blooms
Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.03.02 Outline
the key events that occur during the phases of meiosis.
Section:
15.03 Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
Topic: Meiosis
The following graph represents the concentration of cyclins over the course of the cell cycle. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the phase of the cell cycle where the green arrow (highest concentration of m-cyclin in M phase) is pointing?
?At this point in the cell cycle, the cell has determined that the DNA is intact and environmental conditions are favorable for DNA replication
?At this point in the cell cycle, chromosomes have properly aligned on the metaphase plate and are beginning to separate
?At this point in the cycle the cell is determining if environmental conditions are favorable for growth and proliferation
?At this point in the cycle the cell is continuing to grow and make abundant tubulin proteins
cyclins in the cell cycle
Blooms Level: 4.
Analyze
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.01.03 Explain how cyclins
and cdks work together to advance a cell through the eukaryotic cell
cycle.
Section: 15.01 The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle
Topic: Cell
Cycle and Mitosis
During prometaphase, the sister chromatids organize into a single row in the center of the cell.
False
prometaphase: nuclear envelope completely fragments into small vesicles and the mitotic spindle is fully formed
During prometaphase, the sister chromatids o...
Blooms
Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.02.03
Outline the key events that occur during the phases of
mitosis.
Section: 15.02 Mitotic Cell Division
Topic: Meiosis
One major difference between metaphase I and metaphase II is the presence or absence of bivalents.
True
One major difference between metaphase I and...
Blooms Level:
2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.03.02 Outline the
key events that occur during the phases of meiosis.
Section:
15.03 Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
Topic: Meiosis
The following graph represents the concentration of cyclins over the course of the cell cycle. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the phase of the cell cycle where the red arrow (highest concentration of G1/S-cyclin) is pointing?
At this point in the cell cycle, the cell is committing to divide mitotically
Cyclin and the cell cycle
Blooms Level: 4.
Analyze
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.01.03 Explain how cyclins
and cdks work together to advance a cell through the eukaryotic cell
cycle.
Section: 15.01 The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle
Topic: Cell
Cycle and Mitosis
DNA associates very tightly with nucleosomes because
negative charges on DNA are attracted to positive charges of the histone proteins.
the overall charge of DNA is negative. Opposite charges attract. The histones are positively charged. The two charges are attracted to each other causing them to bind
LO: 15.01.01 Describe the features of chromosomes and how sets of chromosomes are examined microscopically.
Section: 15.01 The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle
Topic: Cell Cycle and Mitosis
The major way that meiosis II differs from mitosis is that
in meiosis II, the cells are haploid.
The major way that meiosis II differs from m...
Blooms Level:
2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.03.03 Compare and
contrast mitosis and meiosis, focusing on key steps that account for
the different outcomes of these two processes
Section: 15.03
Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
Topic: Meiosis
Which of the following statements about the cell cycle is correct?
When the S phase of the cell cycle is finished, a cell has twice as many chromatids as the number of chromosomes in the G1 phase.
Which of the following statements is correct...
Blooms
Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.01.02 List
the phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle.
Section: 15.01 The
Eukaryotic Cell Cycle
Topic: Cell Cycle and Mitosis
Which of the following is NOT a part of the mitotic spindle apparatus in plants?
centrioles
How are sister chromatids connected to each other?
Through cohesion proteins
A cell undergoing meiosis that contains sister chromatids may be either haploid or diploid.
True
Meiosis: process by which haploid cells are produced from a cell that was originally diploid -- "the cell undergoing meiosis can be diploid or haploid depending on which stage of meiosis you are in."
LO: 15.03.02 Outline the key events that occur during the phases of
meiosis.
Section: 15.03 Meiosis and Sexual
Reproduction
Topic: Meiosis
Which of the following mutations will not alter the amount of genetic material on the chromosomes?
inversion
Inversions flips a region of genetic material in the opposite direction but does not affect the amount of material. Translocation attaches different segments of one chromosome to another this means that it adds to the amount of genetic material.
LO: 15.04.02 Identify the four ways that the structure of chromosome
can be changed via mutation.
Section: 15.04 Variation in
Chromosome Structure and Number
Topic: Meiosis
The karyotype of a normal human male would show a total of 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes.
False
The karyotype of a normal human male would s...
Blooms
Level: 4. Analyze
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.04.04 Give
examples of how changes in chromosome number affect the
characteristics of animals and plants.
Section: 15.04 Variation
in Chromosome Structure and Number
Topic: Meiosis
The centromere
is a group of proteins that attach to the mitotic spindle.
The centromere
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Gradable:
automatic
LO: 15.01.01 Describe the features of chromosomes and
how sets of chromosomes are examined microscopically.
Section:
15.01 The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle
Topic: Cell Cycle and Mitosis
Mitotic cell division is never used by organisms as a means of reproduction.
False (asexual reproduction)
Mitotic cell division is never used by organ...
Blooms
Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.03.04
Distinguish between the life cycles of diploid-dominant species,
haploid-dominant species, and species that exhibit an alternation of
generations.
Section: 15.03 Meiosis and Sexual
Reproduction
Topic: Meiosis
For any given species, cells in metaphase II of meiosis would contain 2× more genetic material than cells in metaphase of mitosis.
False
For any given species, cells in metaphase II...
Blooms
Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.03.03
Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis, focusing on key steps that
account for the different outcomes of these two
processes
Section: 15.03 Meiosis and Sexual
Reproduction
Topic: Meiosis
In a tetraploid species, a euploid individual would have __ sets of chromosomes.
4
In a tetraploid species, a euploid individua...
Blooms
Level: 4. Analyze
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.04.03 Compare
and contrast changes in the number of sets of chromosomes and changes
in the number of individual chromosomes.
Section: 15.04
Variation in Chromosome Structure and Number
Topic: Meiosis
Put the following steps in the procedure for producing a karyotype in
the correct order.
I. Cells are visualized under the
microscope.
II. Cells are stimulated to divide.
III.
Homologues are organized into sets by matching size and banding
patterns.
IV. The cells are exposed to a hypotonic
solution.
V. Cells are stained and placed on a microscope slide.
II, IV, V, I, III
Put the following steps in the procedure for...
Blooms
Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.01.01
Describe the features of chromosomes and how sets of chromosomes are
examined microscopically.
Section: 15.01 The Eukaryotic Cell
Cycle
Topic: Cell Cycle and Mitosis
Consider a diploid species where n=5. If an individual of this species was found to have 11 chromosomes, it would be categorized as
aneuploid
Trisomy 2 -- (2n +1)
Consider a diploid species where n=5. If an ...
Blooms
Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.04.03
Compare and contrast changes in the number of sets of chromosomes and
changes in the number of individual chromosomes.
Section: 15.04
Variation in Chromosome Structure and Number
Topic: Meiosis
Chromosomes are replicated during the ______ phase.
S
Synaptonemal complexes form during
prophase of meiosis I
Synaptonemal complexes form during
Blooms Level: 2.
Understand
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.03.01 Describe the
processes of synapsis and crossing over.
Section: 15.03 Meiosis
and Sexual Reproduction
Topic: Meiosis
Most human embryos that are aneuploid
are spontaneously aborted in the first trimester.
In mitosis, the main difference between plant and animal cells is that
plants produce a cell plate to segregate the daughter nuclei, while animals form a cleavage furrow.
In a haploid dominant species
the multicellular organism is haploid, and only the zygote is diploid.
During crossing over in meiosis, an incomplete exchange of genetic material occurs. This would most likely produce
?a deficiency in one homologue and a duplication in the other homologue.
?a deficiency in both homologues.
?a deficiency in one homologue and an inversion in the other homologue.
? a reciprocal translocation.
X a duplication in one homologue and an inversion in the other homologue.
The life cycle of a sexual reproducing organisms includes:
mitosis, meiosis, and fusion of the gametes.
Humans have __________ different types of autosomes.
22
A chromosome with the centromere located two-thirds of the distance from its end could be classified as
either submetacentric or acrocentric.
A chromosome with the centromere located two...
Blooms
Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.04.01
Describe how chromosomes can vary in size, centromere location, and
number.
Section: 15.04 Variation in Chromosome Structure and
Number
Topic: Cell Cycle and Mitosis
Why are aneuploidies involving sex chromosomes less detrimental than those involving somatic chromosomes?
?Sex chromosomes do not contain genes that are important for anything other than sex determination
?In females, all but one X-chromosome is inactivated, in males, the Y chromosome contains very few genes, so extra or missing copies do not cause huge abnormalities
?Genes expression of the sex chromosomes is not dosage dependent as it is in the somatic chromosomes
?Sex chromosomes are only found in gametes, they do not occur in diploid cells
aneuploidies involving sex chromosomes
Blooms Level: 4.
Analyze
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.04.04 Give examples of
how changes in chromosome number affect the characteristics of animals
and plants.
Section: 15.04 Variation in Chromosome Structure and
Number
Topic: Meiosis
Which of the following occurs during metaphase
?heterochromatin is converted to euchromatin.
?chromosomes are about 30 nm wide.
?chromosomes are much shorter than they were in interphase.
?chromosomes undergo gene transcription.
During metaphase,
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Gradable:
automatic
LO: 15.02.03 Outline the key events that occur during
the phases of mitosis.
Section: 15.02 Mitotic Cell
Division
Topic: Cell Cycle and Mitosis
Sister chromatids separate during
anaphase of meiosis II.
Sister chromatids separate during
Blooms Level: 2.
Understand
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.03.02 Outline the key
events that occur during the phases of meiosis.
Section: 15.03
Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
Topic: Meiosis
A mutation occurs in a gene that encodes a G1-cyclin, such that the protein is unable to bind to its CDK. How will this affect the cell cycle?
The cell will be stuck in G1 and will not advance through the cell cycle.
The following graph represents the concentration of cyclins over the course of the cell cycle. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the phase of the cell cycle where the blue arrow (highest concentration of S-cyclin) is pointing?
?At this point in the cell cycle, chromosomes have properly aligned on the metaphase plate and are beginning to separate
X At this point in the cell cycle, DNA has already been replicated and divided into two daughter nuclei
?At this point in the cycle the cell is determining if environmental conditions are favorable for growth and proliferation
?At this point in the cycle the cell is continuing to grow and make abundant tubulin proteins
cyclins in the cell cycle
Blooms Level: 4.
Analyze
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.01.03 Explain how cyclins
and cdks work together to advance a cell through the eukaryotic cell
cycle.
Section: 15.01 The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle
Topic: Cell
Cycle and Mitosis
A person who inherits an extra X chromosome will have
Klinefelter syndrome.
The following graph represents the concentration of cyclins over the course of the cell cycle. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the cell cycle where the red arrow (highest concentration of G1 / S-cyclin) is pointing?
?CDK proteins are actively phosphorylating proteins that are involved in DNA replication
?CDK proteins are actively phosphorylating proteins that are responsible for assembling the mitotic spindle
X CDK proteins are actively phosphorylating and activating cyclins so that the cell will prepare to replicate its DNA
?CDK proteins are actively phosphorylating regions of the DNA that need to be targeted for DNA repair
cyclins and CDKs
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Gradable:
automatic
LO: 15.01.03 Explain how cyclins and cdks work together
to advance a cell through the eukaryotic cell cycle.
Section:
15.01 The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle
Topic: Cell Cycle and Mitosis
A species that has three sets of homologous chromosomes can have up to _ different combinations of chromosomes in the gametes.
? 6
? 8
? 64
(not 3 or 27)
A species that has three sets of homologous ...
Blooms Level:
3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.03.02 Outline the key
events that occur during the phases of meiosis.
Section: 15.03
Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
Topic: Meiosis
Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning sister chromatids?
Sister chromatids separate during telophase.
Which of the following statements is incorre...
Blooms Level:
2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.02.01 Describe how
the replication of eukaryotic chromosomes produces sister
chromatids.
Section: 15.02 Mitotic Cell Division
Topic: Cell
Cycle and Mitosis
Sexual life cycles include both haploid and diploid stages.
True
A diploid queen honeybee produce eggs by meiosis. Some of these eggs are never fertilized, while the rest are. These unfertilized eggs develop into haploid male honeybee. This can be an example of sexual reproduction.
True
A diploid queen honeybee produce eggs by mei...
Blooms
Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.03.04
Distinguish between the life cycles of diploid-dominant species,
haploid-dominant species, and species that exhibit an alternation of
generations.
Section: 15.03 Meiosis and Sexual
Reproduction
Topic: Meiosis
If a cell contains 20 chromosomes during G2, it will have 40 chromosomes during S.
False
At the end of meiosis I
the cells are haploid and the homologous pairs are in separate cells.
At the end of meiosis I
Blooms Level: 2.
Understand
Gradable: automatic
LO: 15.03.02 Outline the key
events that occur during the phases of meiosis.
Section: 15.03
Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
Topic: Meiosi