In which compartment of the body is the majority of water stored?

intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment

What is the most common cation found in the interstitial fluid?

Sodium

What is the most abundant intracellular cation?

Potassium

The majority of the fluid in the body is the __________.

intracellular fluid

Which of the following describes the distribution of sodium and potassium between cells and body fluids?

K+ mainly in the cells, Na+ in the body fluids

Adipose tissue is one of the most hydrated of all tissues in the human body.

false

What accounts for the route through which most fluid is lost in a day?

urine

Which of the following is NOT involved in triggering the thirst mechanism?

increase in blood pressure

What hormone helps to maintain correct extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolality when concentrations become too high?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which of the following conditions promotes edema?

hypoproteinemia

What results from increased levels of aldosterone?

increased Na+ reabsorption

Which of the following does NOT impact how much sodium is reabsorbed?

transport maximum of the renal proximal tubule

what impact how much sodium is reabsorbed?

transport maximum of the renal proximal tubule

Although the sodium content of the body may be altered, its concentration in the ECF remains relatively stable because of immediate adjustments in water volume.

true

Of the three buffering mechanisms in the body, which is the strongest?

renal system

The bicarbonate buffer system is one of the chemical buffer systems of the body. How would the bicarbonate buffer system work if sodium hydroxide were added to a solution?

A hydrogen on carbonic acid would dissociate and join the hydroxyl group on the base to form water and sodium bicarbonate.

The respiratory system is one of the three systems that regulate acid-base balance in the body. How does it work to decrease an acidosis?

Carbonic acid is broken down into water and CO2; the CO2 is then exhaled.

In a respiratory acidosis the kidney would do which of the following?

The kidney would reabsorb bicarbonate and secrete hydrogen ions.

Ingesting too much antacid would cause which of the following acid-base disturbances?

metabolic alkalosis

Vomiting will cause which type of acid-base disturbance?

metabolic alkalosis

Severe anxiety would cause which type of acid-base disturbance? What would be the compensation?

respiratory alkalosis; kidneys would excrete HCO3

A falling blood pH and a rising partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pneumonia or emphysema indicates ________.

respiratory acidosis

The single most important blood buffer system is the bicarbonate buffer system.

true

The normal pH of blood is 7.35-7.45.

true