Chapter 27 Hereditary
1) Two alleles expressing exactly the same information for a trait are designated as ________.
A) hemizygous
B) monogamous
C) heterozygous
D) homozygous
D) homozygous
2) Dominant alleles are so called because under most circumstances they ________.
A) code only for tallness and dark skin
B) suppress the
expression of other alleles
C) code for genes that are never
considered lethal
D) code for most phenotypic and genotypic
expressions of a trait
B) suppress the expression of other alleles
3) Recessive genes are usually expressed in humans only when ________.
A) they are coding for skin color
B) they are coding for
genetic diseases
C) the organism is in the embryonic stage
D) both alleles are exactly the same, or homozygous
D) both alleles are exactly the same, or homozygous
4) Those characteristics that can be determined on superficial
inspection of an individual are
known as ________.
A) genotypic
B) polygenic
C) polyspermic
D) phenotypic
D) phenotypic
5) The number of gamete types from independent assortment of the
homologues during meiosis
in humans would be:
A)
21 × 2 (42)
B) 232 (529)
C) 223 (78 million)
D) 46
× 2 (92)
C) 223 (78 million)
6) A female infant is born with several hundred oocytes, each one
genetically unique. This is due
to ________.
A)
mutation
B) recessive inheritance
C) chromosome deletion
D) independent assortment and random crossover
D) independent assortment and random crossover
7) If we are to consider the variation resulting only from
independent assortment and random
fertilization, any resulting
offspring represents about one out of ________.
A) 64
zygotes possible
B) 23,000 zygotes possible
C) 64,000
zygotes possible
D) 72 trillion zygotes possible
D) 72 trillion zygotes possible
8) Mitosis differs from meiosis because in meiosis we observe
________.
A) tetrads
B) chromatids
C)
centromeres
D) homologues
A) tetrads
9) The reason recessive genetic disorders are more frequent than
disorders inherited as dominant
is that ________.
A) dominant genetic disorders are never expressed in males
B) people carrying dominant genetic disorders always die before
birth
C) carriers may pass them on to their offspring, unaware
that they are carriers
D) recessive genetic disorders are
limited to persons of the same ethnicity
C) carriers may pass them on to their offspring, unaware that they are carriers
10) The gene responsible for the condition known as sickle-cell
anemia demonstrates ________.
A) incomplete dominance
B) a dominant genetic disorder
C) a sex-linked genetic
disorder
D) a recessive genetic disorder
A) incomplete dominance
11) An example of multiple allele inheritance is ________.
A) the ABO blood group
B) the appearance of freckles on
the skin
C) the appearance of birthmarks on the skin
D)
hair that seems to have several shades of a color
A) the ABO blood grou
12) Which of the following is true concerning environmental influence
on genetic expression?
A) It is impossible to alter in
any way the expression of a gene in humans.
B) The only time a
gene can be influenced by environmental factors is in the second
trimester of the pregnancy.
C) Environmental factors
determine the way in which 90 percent of our genes are
expressed.
D) Drugs and nutrition can alter normal gene expression.
D) Drugs and nutrition can alter normal gene expression.
13) Sex chromosomes of a normal male are ________.
A) XX
B) YY
C) XY
D) Any of these, depending on the father
C) XY
14) A woman has blond hair and brown eyes. This statement is best
described as indicating
________.
A) allelic pairs
B) recessive traits
C) phenotype
D) genotype
C) phenotype
15) A chromosomal aberration in which part of a chromosome is lost is
known as ________.
A) deletion
B) inversion
C) translocation
D) crossing over
A) deletion
16) Inheritance of stature (height) in humans is probably due to
________.
A) polyploidy
B) polymorphism
C)
incomplete dominance
D) polygene inheritance
D) polygene inheritance
17) An individual who is heterozygous for a particular trait, yet
expresses both alleles of that trait,
is an example of ________.
A) dominance
B) recessive inheritance
C)
incomplete dominance
D) sex-linked inheritance
C) incomplete dominance
18) ________ is the most common type of fetal testing.
A) Blood chemistry
B) Amniocentesis
C) A DNA probe
D) CVS
B) Amniocentesis
19) Huntingtonʹs disease involves ________.
A)
hypersecretion of growth hormone
B) the presence of an extra
chromosome
C) degeneration of the basal nuclei of the brain
D) hyposecretion of thyroxine
C) degeneration of the basal nuclei of the brain
20) One possible scientific explanation for siblings having very
different skin color is ________.
A) polygene
inheritance, which results in continuous phenotypic variation between
extremes
B) that some people may be in the sun longer than
others
C) that the gene for dark skin is dominant over the gene
for light skin, and some offspring
inherit chromosomes with one
of each allele
D) There is no explanation for the variation
A) polygene inheritance, which results in continuous phenotypic variation between
21) Which of the following statements is true concerning screening?
A) Screening is illegal in over half of the world.
B) Screening can be done only in the first trimester of
pregnancy.
C) Genetic screening is rarely done because it yields
very little accurate information.
D) Screening can be done
before conception by carrier recognition or during fetal testing.
D) Screening can be done before conception by carrier recognition or during fetal testing.
22) The diploid genome contains chromosomes from ________.
A)
the father only
B) the mother only
C) each parent, and it
synthesizes others
D) both the mother and father, but only about
half of the genome from each
D) both the mother and father, but only about half of the genome from each
23) Amyʹs hand was exposed to X rays. A gene in a skin cell of her
hand mutated. This mutant
gene ________.
A) will
definitely cause skin cancer
B) will replicate itself and be
passed on to Amyʹs children
C) will not form an exact duplicate
of itself when the cell divides
D) will replicate itself when
the cell divides but will not be passed on to Amyʹs offspring
D) will replicate itself when the cell divides but will not be passed on to Amyʹs offspring
Match the
following:
24) Lack of skin pigmentation.
A) Tay-Sachs disease
B) Huntington's disease
C)
Achondroplasia
D) Albinism
E) Cystic fibrosis
D) Albinism
Match the
following:
25) Rare type of dwarfism resulting from
A) Tay-Sachs disease
B) Huntington's disease
C)
Achondroplasia
D) Albinism
E) Cystic fibrosis
C) Achondroplasia
Match the
following:
26) An unremitting, fatal nervous system
A) Tay-Sachs disease
B) Huntington's disease
C)
Achondroplasia
D) Albinism
E) Cystic fibrosis
B) Huntington's disease
Match the
following:
27) A condition of excessive mucus
production.
A) Tay-Sachs disease
B) Huntington's disease
C)
Achondroplasia
D) Albinism
E) Cystic fibrosis
E) Cystic fibrosis
Match the following:
28) A disorder of brain
lipid metabolism
A) Tay-Sachs disease
B) Huntington's disease
C)
Achondroplasia
D) Albinism
E) Cystic fibrosis
A) Tay-Sachs disease
29) Select the incorrect statement about Chromosomes and genes.
A) Genes on neighboring but different chromosomes are
called linked.
B) Recombinant chromosomes have segments of DNA
from each parent on the same
chromosome.
C) The longer a
chromosome, the more crossovers are expected.
D) A personʹs
genetic makeup is referred to as his or her genotype.
A) Genes on neighboring but different chromosomes are called linked.
30) The main way a recessive allele would be expressed even when only
one copy is present
would be ________.
A) dominance
B) recessive inheritance
C) sex-linked inheritance
D) incomplete dominance
C) sex-linked inheritance
31) A couple whose blood types are A (IAi) and B (IBi) may have a
child with which of the
following blood types?
A)
AB only
B) A and B only
C) A, B, AB, and O
D) AB and
O only
C) A, B, AB, and O
32) Gene mutations in the sex chromosomes of the human would tend to
become visibly
expressed ________.
A) more
frequently in males
B) more frequently in females
C)
equally frequently in both sexes
D) in neither males or females
A) more frequently in males
33) For which of the following are newborn infants not routinely
screened at birth?
A) PKU
B) color blindness
C) imperforate anus
D) congenital hip dysplasia
B) color blindness
Match the
following:
34) Actual genetic makeup.
A) Recessive
B) Sex chromosomes
C) Genotype
D) Homozygous
C) Genotype
Match the following:
35) A chromosome pair that may
be very different in size.
A) Recessive
B) Sex chromosomes
C) Genotype
D) Homozygous
B) Sex chromosomes
Match the following:
36) Genes not expressed unless
they are present in
homozygous condition.
A) Recessive
B) Sex
chromosomes
C) Genotype
D) Homozygous
A) Recessive
Match the following:
37) Situation in which an
individual has identical
alleles for a particular trait.
A) Recessive
B) Sex chromosomes
C) Genotype
D) Homozygous
D) Homozygous
Match the following
38) Actual genetic makeup.
A) Genotype
Match the following
39) A chromosome pair that may be very different in size.
B) Sex chromosomes
Match the following
40) Genes not expressed unless they are present in homozygous condition.
.
D) Recessive
Match the following
41) Situation in which an individual has identical alleles for a particular trait.
C) Homozygous
42) When two genes are on the same chromosome, they are considered linked.
TRUE
43) The X chromosome is considerably larger than the Y chromosome.
TRUE
44) The expression of all physical traits is strictly due to the inheritance of specific genes.
FALSE
45) Some segments of the Y chromosome have no counterpart on the X chromosome.
TRUE
46) The same allele can have a different effect depending on which parent it comes from.
TRUE
47) Hereditary characteristics are transmitted to offspring by genes.
TRUE
Match the following:
48) Genes for the same trait that have
different expressions.
A) Heterozygous
B) Dominant
C) Autosomes
D) Allele
D) Allele
Match the following:
49) The gene allele that suppresses or
masks the expression of
the other
allele.
A) Heterozygous
B) Dominant
C) Autosomes
D) Allele
B) Dominant
Match the following:
50) Situation in which an individual has
different alleles
making up the
genotype for a particular trait.
A) Heterozygous
B) Dominant
C) Autosomes
D) Allele
A) Heterozygous
Match the following:
51) Chromosomes regulating most body
characteristics.
A) Heterozygous
B) Dominant
C) Autosomes
D) Allele
C) Autosomes
52) Alleles may code for alternative expressions of a genetic trait.
TRUE
53) Hemophilia is an X-linked condition caused by a recessive gene.
TRUE
54) Environmentally produced phenotypes that mimic conditions that
may be caused by genetic
mutation are called phenocopies.
TRUE
55) Most genetic disorders are inherited through dominant genes.
FALSE
56) A Punnett square is a diagram that may be used to figure out the
possible combinations of genes
for a trait.
TRUE
57) Two alleles expressing exactly the same information for a trait are designated as ________.
A) hemizygous
B) homozygous
C) monogamous
D) heterozygous
B) homozygous
58) Dominant alleles are so called because under most circumstances
they ________.
A) code for most phenotypic and genotypic
expressions of a trait
B) suppress the expression of other
alleles
C) code for genes that are never considered
lethal
D) code only for tallness and dark skin
B) suppress the expression of other alleles
59) Recessive genes are usually expressed in humans only when
________.
A) both alleles are exactly the same, or
homozygous
B) they are coding for genetic diseases
C) they
are coding for skin color
D) the organism is in the embryonic stage
A) both alleles are exactly the same, or homozygous
60) Those characteristics that can be determined on superficial
inspection of an individual are known
as ________.
A) polyspermic
B) phenotypic
C) polygenic
D) genotypic
B) phenotypic
61) Is genetic diversity due entirely to inherited genes on the sex
chromosomes?
A) Yes, because the female has two X chromosomes and
the male has only one X chromosome.
B) No, because genetic
diversity has nothing to do with the sex chromosomes but is due
to
crossing-over of chromosomes, independent assortment of
chromosomes, and segregation of
chromosomes.
C) Yes, because
the male has a Y chromosome.
D) Yes, because genetic diversity is
due to the Y influence on the autosomes.
B) No, because genetic diversity has nothing to do with the sex
chromosomes but is due to
crossing-over of chromosomes,
independent assortment of chromosomes, and segregation of
chromosomes.
62) A female infant is born with several hundred oocytes, each one
genetically unique. This is due to
________.
A)
mutation
B) independent assortment and random crossover
C)
chromosome deletion
D) recessive inheritance
B) independent assortment and random crossover
63) In meiosis the spermatozoa that are produced are genetically
unlike each other and unlike the cell
that produces them. This is
one reason for the great variation among humans. What causes
this
effect?
A) crossing-over, chromsome segregation, and
independent assortment
B) chromosome segregation and independent
assortment only
C) crossing-over and chromosome segregation
only
D) crossing-over and independent assortment only
D) crossing-over and independent assortment only
64) The reason recessive genetic disorders are more frequent than
disorders inherited as dominant is
that ________.
A)
carriers may pass them on to their offspring, unaware that they are
carriers
B) dominant genetic disorders are never expressed in
males
C) recessive genetic disorders are limited to persons of
the same ethnicity
D) people carrying dominant genetic disorders
always die before birth
A) carriers may pass them on to their offspring, unaware that they are carriers
65) The gene responsible for the condition known as sickle-cell anemia demonstrates ________.
A) a dominant genetic disorder
B) a sex-linked genetic disorder
C) incomplete dominance
D) a recessive genetic disorder
C) incomplete dominance
66) An example of multiple-allele inheritance is ________.
A)
the appearance of birthmarks on the skin
B) the appearance of
freckles on the skin
C) hair that seems to have several shades of
a color
D) the ABO blood group
D) the ABO blood group
67) Sex chromosomes of a normal male are ________.
A)YY
B)XY
C)XX
D) any of these, depending on the father
B) XY
68) Huntington's disease involves ________.
A) hyposecretion of
thyroxine
B) the presence of an extra chromosome
C)
hypersecretion of growth hormone
D) degeneration of the basal
nuclei of the brain
D) degeneration of the basal nuclei of the brain
69 )The term lethal dominant gene indicates that the gene causes
death only when the individual is
homozygous.
FALSE
70) In incomplete dominance, the heterozygote has a phenotype
intermediate between that of
homozygous-dominant and
homozygous-recessive individuals.
TRUE
71) The two equally useful avenues for detecting carriers are pedigrees and the use of Punnett squares.
FALSE
72) Normal vision is dictated by the autosomal dominant genes.
FALSE
73) Genetic segregation implies that the members of the allele pair
determining each trait are
distributed to different gametes
during mitosis.
FALSE
74) Genetic variation results from the crossing over and exchange of
chromosomal parts that occur
during meiosis II.
FALSE
75) Small RNAs control the timing of programmed cell death during development.
TRUE
76) Mitochondrial genes are free of errors. As a result, all genetic
problems are due exclusively to
nuclear genes.
FALSE
77) It is possible for a baby to have type O blood if neither parent is type O.
TRUE
Match the following
78) The X and Y chromosomes are considered the ________ chromosomes.
A SEX-LINKED
B) RECESSIVE
C) DOMINANT
D) PHENOTYPE
E) SEX
E) SEX
79) An allele that completely masks the expression of the other alleles is called ________.
A SEX-LINKED
B) RECESSIVE
C) DOMINANT
D) PHENOTYPE
E) SEX
C) DOMINANT
80) Observable characteristics expressed by the genes for a trait are called the ________.
A SEX-LINKED
B) RECESSIVE
C) DOMINANT
D) PHENOTYPE
E) SEX
D) PHENOTYPE
81) Albinism is a good example of a(n) ________ trait.
A SEX-LINKED
B) RECESSIVE
C) DOMINANT
D) PHENOTYPE
E) SEX
B) RECESSIVE
82) Color blindness is a(n) ________ trait.
A SEX-LINKED
B) RECESSIVE
C) DOMINANT
D) PHENOTYPE
E) SEX
A) SEX-LINKED