The sternal region of the body is __________ to the umbilical region.

deep
proximal
posterior
lateral
superior

superior

The plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts is called the __________.

frontal plane
sagittal plane
transverse plane
midsagittal plane
oblique plane

frontal plane

Which of the following is an example of a homeostatic imbalance?

illness
heart rate increasing as a result of exercise
breathing rate increasing as a result of exercise
sweating as a result of being hot
shivering as a result of being cold

illness

Which of the following shows increasing complexity levels?

tissue, organ, organ system, cellular
cellular, tissue, organ system, organ
organ, tissue, cellular, organ system
organ system, organ, tissue, cellular
cellular, tissue, organ, organ system

cellular, tissue, organ, organ system

Approximately what percentage of the air we breathe is made of oxygen?

20%
40%
60%
80%
100%

20%

The cranial cavity is part of __________.

the vertebral cavity
the dorsal body cavity
the ventral body cavity
the abdominopelvic cavity
the thoracic cavity

the dorsal body cavity

Which of the following is NOT one of the three components of homeostatic control systems?

the control center
the effector
positive feedback
the receptor (senses the change)

positive feedback

The respiratory system contains the __________.

kidneys, ureters, and bladder
liver, small intestine, and colon
trachea, bronchi, and lungs
uterus, vagina, and uterine tube
pituitary, pineal, and thyroid glands

trachea, bronchi, and lungs

The spleen is an organ in the __________.

nervous system
respiratory system
lymphatic system
endocrine system
reproductive system

lymphatic system

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback?

labor contractions causing the release of oxytocin, which results in an increase in the quantity of labor contractions
release of insulin to decrease a high level of glucose in the blood
shivering to generate heat when body temperature is below normal
release of glucagon to increase a lower-than-normal level of glucose in the blood

labor contractions causing the release of oxytocin, which results in an increase in the quantity of labor contractions

Which internal organ is NOT housed in the ventral body cavity?

stomach
lung
spinal cord
heart

spinal cord

Which two systems monitor the body for homeostasis?

respiratory and digestive
reproductive and urinary
endocrine and cardiovascular
nervous and endocrine
skeletal and lymphatic

nervous and endocrine

Which of the following body systems functions to produce blood cells?

circulatory
urinary
reproductive
respiratory
skeletal

skeletal

Which of the following is NOT a necessary human life function?

excretion
responsiveness
movement
metabolism
intelligence

intelligence

Which example best illustrates the principle of complementarity?

the set point of homeostasis
the hierarchical organization of the body
Convolutions of the small intestines provides greater surface area for nutrient absorption.
negative, but not positive, feedback mechanisms

Convolutions of the small intestines provides greater surface area for nutrient absorption.

Which membrane directly covers the heart?

parietal peritoneum
visceral pericardium
parietal pericardium
visceral pleura

visceral pericardium

The branch of anatomy that traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span is referred to as __________.

regional anatomy
microscopic anatomy
surface anatomy
developmental anatomy

developmental anatomy

The ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them is a physiological ability known as __________.

digestion
responsiveness
metabolism
excretion

responsiveness

Tissues are groups of similar __________ that have a common function.

organelles
atoms
cells
organs

cells

Which of the following events is NOT the result of a negative feedback mechanism?

an increased respiratory rate when blood pH is elevated
sweating to help lower elevated body temperature
blood clotting when the lining of a blood vessel is injured
decreased urine production when the blood pressure drops

blood clotting when the lining of a blood vessel is injured

Which of the following does NOT represent correct positioning when placing the body in the anatomical position?

The body is “standing at attention.”
The feet are slightly apart.
The thumbs are pointing medially.
The palms are facing forward.

The thumbs are pointing medially.

Which of the following is/are NOT included in the axial part of the body?

the trunk
the neck
the head
the upper limbs

the upper limbs

The median, or midsagittal, plane __________.

divides the body in two equal left and right sides along the midline
divides the body into left and right parts that are parallel to, and therefore not directly on, the midline
divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions in the horizontal plane
cuts the body diagonally between the horizontal and the vertical planes

A midsagittal section divides the body in left and right sides along the midline.

The body’s ability to provide nutrients to target tissues is a cooperative effort between which two body systems?

digestive and cardiovascular
nervous and endocrine
integumentary and lymphatic
digestive and urinary

digestive and cardiovascular

The body cavity that houses the lungs is known as the __________.

pleural cavity
cranial cavity
pericardial cavity
pelvic cavity

pleural cavity

If you know that the appendix lies in the right lower part of the trunk, you could also say it lies in the __________.

hypogastric region
umbilical region
right hypochondriac region
right inguinal region

right inguinal region

Which of the following is/are housed in the orbital cavity?

olfactory epithelium
middle ear ossicles
teeth
eye

eye

All the following are true about serous fluid EXCEPT that __________.

it increases the friction produced by the movement of the organs with which it is associated
it fills the potential space between the visceral and parietal serosa
it is secreted by both visceral and parietal serosa
it allows freedom of movement between the two layers of serosa

it increases the friction produced by the movement of the organs with which it is associated

The cavity between articulating bones at most joints is known as the __________.

pleural cavity
retroperitoneal cavity
orbital cavity
synovial cavity

synovial cavity

Which term best describes the metabolic process of cells making more complex molecules from simpler substances?

anabolism
digestion
catabolism
excretion

anabolism

Which of the following is NOT involved in respiration?

internal respiration
external respiration
external ventilation
pulmonary ventilation

external ventilation

The respiratory zone is composed of the trachea and the paranasal sinuses.
True
False

False

Which of the following are the hairs within the nasal cavity that filter coarse particles, such as pollen and dust, from inspired air?

alveoli
microvilli
cilia
vibrissae

vibrissae

__________ is the inflammation of the nasal mucosa accompanied by excessive mucus production, nasal congestion, and postnasal drip.

Rhinitis
Bronchitis
Laryngitis
Sinusitis

Rhinitis

Which of the following lists the regions of the pharynx from superior to inferior?

laryngopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx
nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
oropharynx, laryngopharynx, nasopharynx

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

The __________ is covered by a mucosa containing taste buds and keeps food out of the lower respiratory passages.

epiglottis
glottis
uvula
vestibular folds

epiglottis

The bronchial, or respiratory, tree branches approximately 23 times within the lungs.
True
False

True

The __________ are the main site of gas exchange within the lungs.

alveoli
hila
respiratory bronchioles
bronchi

alveoli

The two lungs differ in shape and size.
True
False

True

The __________ is the elastic connective tissue found within the lungs.

visceral pleura
parietal pleura
stroma
pulmonary plexus

stroma

__________, or lung collapse, is a homeostatic imbalance that occurs when a bronchiole becomes plugged.

Pleurisy
Atelectasis
Hypoxia
Pneumothorax

Atelectasis

Which of the following occurs during infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)?

Histamine and other inflammatory chemicals cause the baby's bronchioles to constrict.
The baby's cilia are damaged or destroyed, and only coughing can prevent mucus from accumulating in the lungs.
The pleurae produce an excessive amount of fluid, putting pressure on the baby's lungs, hindering breathing.
The baby is unable to keep his or her alveoli inflated between breaths because of a lack of surfactant.

The baby is unable to keep his or her alveoli inflated between breaths because of a lack of surfactant.

Henry's law states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture.
True
False

False

Henry's law states that when a gas is in contact with a liquid, that gas will dissolve in the liquid in proportion to its partial pressure.
True
False

True

Which form of hypoxia occurs when body cells are unable to use O2 even though adequate amounts are delivered? (This type of hypoxia is usually the consequence of metabolic poisons, such as cyanide.)

histotoxic hypoxia
ischemic (stagnant) hypoxia
anemic hypoxia
hypoxemic hypoxia

histotoxic hypoxia

Which form of CO2 transport accounts for the greatest amount of CO2 transported in blood?

as bicarbonate ions in plasma
chemically bound to hemoglobin
dissolved in plasma
as carbon monoxide in plasma

as bicarbonate ions in plasma

The increase in ventilation in response to metabolic needs is called __________.

hyperventilation
hyperpnea
Hering-Breuer reflex
hypocapnia

hyperpnea

Emphysema is distinguished by permanent enlargement of the alveoli and loss of lung elasticity.
True
False

True

Lung cancer is among the easiest forms of cancer to successfully treat and cure.
True
False

False