three layers of blood vessels from outside to inside

tunica externa:outermost layer, contains collagen fibers

tunica media: middletunic, smooth muscles

tunica intima: endothelium, innermost layer

a blood vessel supplying blood to the larger blood vessel is called

vasa vasorum

list the types of blood capillaries

continuous:gas exchange, found in brain, testes, lungs etc. least permeable and most common

fenestrated: active filtration and absorption, found in kidneys and small intestines

sinusoid: most permeable, found in liver, spleen, and especially bone marrow, lymphnodes

anatomy of capillary bed

arteriole > precapillary sphincter > true capillary and metaarteriole > venule

____ are the capacitance blood vessels that holds up to ___ of blood

veins; 65%

Normal range of systolic blood pressure is

100 - 140 mmHg

when recording pulse, one should note:

rate, rhythm, volume, characteristics of an artery

force per unit area exerted on an interior of a vessel wall by the contained blood is called

blood pressure

the types of blood vessels circuits

pulmonary and systemic

high blood pressure in pulmonary vasculature is called

pulmonary hypertension

high blood pressure in systemic vasculature is called

systemic hypertension

opposition to the blood flow is called

vascular resistance

higher the friction, the higher the:

resistance

increase in blood viscosity will increase the ___ and __ the resistance

friction; higher

polycythemia will____ the friction and thereby___ resistance

increase; increase

anemia will___ the friction and thereby___ resistance

decrease; decrease

increase in the length of blood vessel will___ the resistance to blood flow

increase

increasing the diameter of blood vessel will___ the resistance to blood flow

decrease

Resistance is____ proportional to length of blood vessels

directly

Resistance is____ proportional to diameter of blood vessel

inversely

Higher the turbulent flow___ the resistance in blood vessels

higher

Difference in blood pressure between any two points in a blood vessel is the

blood pressure

Rate of flow of blood is___ proportional to the difference of blood pressure at any two points in circulation

directly

rate of flow of blood is___ proportional to resistance in a blood vessel

inversely

Define pulse pressure

difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure

increasing the diameter of blood vessel will___ the resistance to blood flow

decrease

blood flow = resistance/blood pressure

false

Net filtration rate from a capillary is equal to

NFP = (HPc - HPif) - (OPc - OPif)

force per unit area exerted on the wall of a blood vessel by its contained blood is called

blood pressure

the blood pressure in the capillaries ranges from to 20 to 40 mmHg

true

the coronary arteries arises from the

aorta

the inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body and empties into the

right atrium

the major long term mechanism of blood pressure control is provided by the

kidneys

reduction in lumen diameter of a blood vessel as the smooth muscle contracts is known as

vasoconstriction

the increase in lumen diameter of a blood vessel as the smooth muscle relaxes is known as

vasodilation

exchange of gases and nutrients occurs by diffusion between the

capillaries and tissue cells

any condition in which blood vessels are inadequately filled and blood cannot circulate normally is called

circulatory shock

which of the following regulates blood flow at the entrance of each true capllary

precapilllary sphincter

the common hepatic, left gastric, and splenic arteries are the branch of which of the following atery

celiac trunk

which of the following types of blood vessels have the thickest tunica media of all vessels

elastic arteries

which of the following conditions may not develop the varicose veins

walking on heels with pressure on the calf muscles

at any given time, up to 65% of the body's blood supply is found in

veins

most neural controls of blood pressure involve the input from baroreceptors that are sensitive to

changes in blood pressure

which of the following blood vessels is the most susceptible to atherosclerosis

the aorta

the heart produces a hormone called atrial natriuretic peptide that causes blood volume and blood pressure to decline

true

the device used to measure blood pressure is called

sphygmomanometer

the device used for listening to the breath sound is called___ and the sound produced by the blood flow through the narrow blood vessel during blood pressure measurement is called___ sound

stethoscope; sounds of korotkoff

which of the following is a component of short term mechanism of blood pressure control?

baroreceptor control, chemoreceptor control, carotid sinus reflex, aortic body reflex

superior vena cava is formed by the union of which of the veins

right and left brachiocephalic vein

which of the following arteries gives rise to common hepatic, left gastric, and splenic arteries?

celiac trunk

which of the following veins is the longest in the body

great saphenous vein

posterior intercostal arteries are branches of

aorta

basilic vein (superficial vein) is located

medially in the upper limb

which of the following is true of femoral blood vessels

femoral vein is located medial to femoral artery

superior and inferior vena cava, coronary sinus, anterior cardiac veins are the major blood vessels entering the

right atrium

a thrombus in the first branch of the arch of the aorta would affect the flow of blood to the

right side of the head and neck and right upper arm

the aorta

ascending aorta

aortic arch

brachiocephalic trunk (right/left)

subclavian artery (left/right)

subclavian carotid artery (right/left)

common carotid artery (right/left)

internal/external carotid artery

external common carotid artery supplies blood to the head and neck

internal common carotid artery supplies the brain

subclavian goes to the upper limb

internal/external carotid artery

subclavian artery

axillary artery

brachicephalic trunk

middle cerebral artery

internal carotid artery

circle of willis (vertebra artery, pontine artery, basilar artery, post cerebral artery,middle cerebral artery, anterior communicating artery, anterior cerebral artery, internal carotid artery, posterior communicating artery)

right subclavian artery

left subclavian artery

brachiocephalic trunk

posteruir intercostal artery

internal thoracic artery

brachial artery

axillary artery

radial artery

ulnar artery

celiac trunk

common hepatic artery

gastroduodenal artery

right/left gastric artery

splenic artery

left/right gastroepoploic artery

adrenal (suprarenal) gland

middle suprarenal artery

renal artery

superior mesentric artery

gonadal artery

inferior mesenteric artery common artery

common iliac artery

internal iliac artery

external iliac artery

femoral artery

popliteal artery

anterior tibial artery

posterior tibial artery

fibular artery

dorasalis pedis artery

external jugular vein

internal jugular vein

subclavian vein

superior sagittal sinus

inferior sagittal sinus

straight sinus

transverse sinuses

sigmoid sinus

jugular foramen

right internal jugular vein

external/internal jugular veins combine to give rise to common iliac vein, common iliac vein combines to give rise to inferior vena cava

brachiocephalic veins

axillary vein

brachial vein

basilic vein

internal jugular vein

external jugular vein

superior vena cava

median cubital vein

cephalic vein

radial vein

basilic vein

ulnar vein

inferior vena cava

right suprarenal vein

left suprarenal vein

renal veins

left gonadal vein

common iliac vein

internal iliac vein

inferior mesenteric vein

superior mesenteric vein

left renal vein is longer, right renal vein is shorter

popliteal vein

fibular vein

anterior tibial vein

internal iliac vein

external iliac vein

femoral vein

great saphenous vein

portal system

a set of capillaries arising from an organ,, that enters into another organ and breaks down into another set of capillaries