A major means for conserving heat is __________.

a)vasodilation of cutaneous blood vessels

b)enhanced sweating

c)increased convective loss

d)increased metabolic rate

e)vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels

a

In glycolysis, glucose must be activated with the use of how many ATP molecules?

a)one
b)two
c)three
d)five
e)ten

b

Most vitamins __________.

a)function as coenzymes in the body
b)are carbohydrates
c)are used as building blocks for the body
d)are metabolized to make ATP

a

One function of vitamin A is to __________.

a)form visual pigments
b)assist in blood clotting
c)transfer electrons in cellular respiration
d)help with calcium absorption
e)make DNA synthesis possible

a

The hormone responsible for setting the basal metabolic rate is __________.

a)thyroxine
b)melanin
c)glucagon
d)insulin
e)melatonin

a

The site of electron transport is the __________.

a)mitochondrial matrix
b)cytoplasm
c)mitochondrial inner membrane (cristae)
d)golgi body
e)mitochondrial outer membrane

c

The thermoregulatory center is located in the __________.

a)thymus gland
b)liver
c)spinal cord
d)hypothalamus
e)mitochondrion

d

Which coenzyme is reduced in both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?

a)manganese
b)coenzyme A
c)FAD
d)NAD
e)vitamin A

d

Which element below is considered a trace mineral?

a)chlorine
b)sodium
c)phosphorus
d)potassium
e)chromium

e

Which lipoprotein contains high levels of cholesterol?

a)HDL
b)chylomicron
c)VLDL
d)LDL
e)IDL

d

Nutritionally incomplete proteins are low in __________.

a)one or more of the essential fatty acids
b)one or more of the essential amino acids
c)one or more of the coenzymes
d)actin and myosin
e)one or more of the major vitamins

b

Most of the ATP produced during cellular respiration is produced by __________.

a)the Krebs cycle
b)oxidative phosphorylation during the chemiosmotic process
c)glycolysis
d)substrate-level phosphorylation
d)gluconeogenesis

b

A function of the liver during the postabsorptive state is __________.

a)electron transport to release glucose
b)glycolysis
c)lipogenesis
d)to store excess glucose by glycogenesis
e)to mobilize glucose reserves by glycogenolysis

e

The hormone that controls essentially all events of the absorptive state is __________.

a)insulin

b)ADH

c)thyroxine

d)glucagon

ecalcitonin

c

Which of the following factors makes it harder for an obese person to lose weight?

a)an increase in taste receptors
b)an increase in metabolism that increases appetite
c)an increase in thyroxine levels as fat levels accumulate
d)an increase in heat loss from the body that requires more food intake
e)an increase in alpha receptors (the kind that favors fat accumulation) in fat cells

e

Which of the following is the amount of energy the body needs to maintain life?

a)BMI
b)BMR
c)MR
d)TMR

b

Which of the following is a physiological response to hypothermia?

a)increasing physical activity
b)covering up with a blanket
c)shivering
d)drinking warm fluids

c

A kilocalorie is the amount of energy __________.

a)needed to heat 1 kilogram of water 1 degree Fahrenheit
b)locked up in 1 kilogram of water
c)needed to heat 1 kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius
d)needed to move 1 kilogram of water 1 meter

c

Essential nutrients refer to nutrients that are __________.

a)essential for the human body to function
b)synthesized every day in the body
c)obtained from an outside source because the body cannot make them fast enough to meet the body's needs, so our diet must provide them
d)stored in the body for times of starvation

c

Prolonged high protein intake can lead to __________.

a)kidney damage
b)loss of bone mass
c)muscle building
d)a negative nitrogen balance

b

Which of the following substances is considered a provitamin?

a)vitamin D
b)niacin
c)beta-carotene
d)iron

c

Which of the following fat-soluble vitamins is NOT stored in the body?

a)vitamin A
b)vitamin E
c)vitamin K
d)vitamin D

c

The final product of glycolysis is __________.

a)the formation of four ATP molecules
b)the production of acetyl coenzyme A
c)two molecules of pyruvic acid, two molecules of NAD+, and a net gain of two ATP
d)glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

c

Cyanide acts as a poison by __________.

a)blocking glycolysis
b)abolishing the proton gradient by making the cristae membrane permeable to H+
c)irreversibly binding to oxygen
d)interfering with the flow of electrons in the electron transport chain

d

During fasts lasting several weeks, blood glucose is maintained by __________.

a)gluconeogenesis
b)glycogenolysis
c)glycolysis
d)lipolysis

a

A low-density lipoprotein would contain __________.

a)a low cholesterol content
b)a high lipid content
c)a high protein content
d)a low lipid content

b

The role of __________ is to transport excessive cholesterol from peripheral tissue to the liver, where it is broken down and becomes part of bile.

a)low-density lipoproteins
b)high-density lipoproteins
c)chylomicrons
d)very low density lipoproteins

b

The official medical measurement of obesity is the __________.

a)proportion of LDLs to body weight
b)basal metabolic rate
c)body mass index
d)proportion of bone density to weight

c

__________ acts to suppress appetite by inhibiting __________, which is the most-powerful known appetite stimulant.

a)Insulin; glucagon
b)Growth hormone; lipase
c)Serotonin; adrenaline
d)Leptin; neuropeptide Y

d

Which of the following statements about "redox" reactions in human metabolism is correct?

a)Oxidized substances gain energy.
b)Enzymes accept hydrogen.
c)The substance being reduced loses an electron.
d)Coenzymes accept hydrogen.

d