Alveolar Mandibular Process

Lower teeth

Alveolar Maxillary Process

Upper Teeth

Portion of the jaw that surrounds and supports the tooth

Alveolar Process

Occurs along with the development of the cranium around the sixth week of embryologic life

Anatomical development of the face

Connects each ramus to the body

Angle

Harvested from the patient

Autogenous Grafts

Distal to the cuspids, 2 on each side, upper and lower, used to break up food into smaller portions

Bicuspids

Lies horizontally and contains the alveolar process for the lower teeth, Mental foramen is below the first molar tooth, the mental protuberance is the chin

Body

Cheek side of teeth

Buccal

Flat plate (plain x-ray film); nose and forehead placed against the cassette; good view of hard palate, orbital floor, nasal septum, and zygoma

Caldwell View

Bone like substance that covers the tooth from the termination of the enamel at the neck to the thickest region at the apex of the root

Cementum

Lateral walls of the oral cavity

Cheeks

Enamel of cap of crown only

Class 1 fracture

Extend into the dentin of the tooth; do not expose the pulp

Class 2 fracture

Extensive damage to coronal portion; expose pulp

Class 3 fracture

At or below the cementoenamel junction of the tooth

Class 4 fracture

Occur within the capsular head of the mandible

Condyle Fracture

Paget's disease or acromegaly can cause development disturbances in the jaw

Congenital deformities

A birth defect in which one or more of the joints between the bones of the baby's skull close prematurely before the brain is fully developed, head may be misshapen

Craniosynostosis

Portion above the gumline

Crown

Best view for bony structures in a series of views/planes

CT Scan

Lateral to the incisors, 2 upper and 2 lower, used to grasp and shred foods

Cuspids

Cavities, decay of tooth enamel

Dental Caries

Forms the majority of the crown, harder than bone and encases the pulp

Dentin

Double vision

Diplopia

Split sheet is draped over patient and around face, doctor preferance

Draping for surgery

Sagging of eye

Enophthalmos

Controls the movement of the tongue

Extrinsic Muscle

Symphisis and parasymphyseal, Horizontal ramus, Mandibular Angle, and Condyle

Four categories of Mandibular fractures

4 classifications

Fractures of teeth

Coronal incision, follows patient's natural hairline and can be extended to tragus

Frontal Fracture Repair

Approached as craniotomy and requires a craniotomy setup

Frontal Sinus Surgery

Aid in speech and breakdown of food

Function of teeth

Anterior, made of the maxillary and palatine bones

Hard Palate

Harvested from a dissimilar species

Heterologous/Xenograft

Harvested from another person, same species

Homogenous/Allograft

Occur along the lateral portion of the mandible between the bicuspid teeth and molars

Horizontal Ramus Fractures

How are dental caries diagnosed

X-Ray and oral examination

How is a symphysis and/or parasymphyseal fractures repaired

Intraorally by making an incision into the anterior gingivobuccal area for reduction and placement of rigid fixation implants

How long does it usually take for a bone to heal

4-6 weeks

How many Cranial Bones are there

8

How many facial bones are there

14 total

How many Facial Muscles are there

13

How many orbital bones are there

7

How many Skull Bones are there in total

22

Four front teeth used to tear food

Incisors

Controls the shape of the tongue

Intrinsic Muscle

Side of tooth that lies closest to the lips

Labial

Eye orbit

Lacrimal Bone

Asymmetry with respect to each side of jaw

Laterognathism

AKA-Transverse Maxillary Fracture, usually occurs from a motor vechicle accident, bilateral horizontal fractures of the maxilla, below the nose

LeFort 1

Referred to as panfacial frangures, triangular, exteds from dorsum of nose, across medial walls of orbit across maxilla below the zygomatic bone

LeFort 2

Referred to as panfacial fractures, facial bones, including the zygomas are detached from the anterior cranial base, fracture line exteds from the dorsum of the nose and cribriform plate along the medial tip of the lateral wall of the orbit

LeFort3

Tongue side of teeth

Lingual

Attaches the tongue to the floor of the buccal cavity

Lingual Frenulum

Abnormally large jaw

Macrognathia

Misalignment of the aveolar process of the jaw bones in an overbite or underbite

Malocclusion

Body, Ramus, and Angle

Mandible consists of 3 portions

Occurs from the second molar to the ascending ramus

Mandibular Angle Fractures

Abnormally small jaw, Paget's disease causes an overgrowth of the bone in the cranium, maxilla, and mandible

Micrognathia

2 maxilla, 2 palatine, and sphenoid bone

Midfacial Fractures

Hand held retractor, double angle, retracts tongue or cheek

Minnesota Retractor

Flat-topped teeth, 3 on each side, upper and lower, used to break up food

Molars

Prevent injury to surgical staff, maintains mouth in open position, facilitates visualization, prop is placed on unaffected side

Mouth Props

Best view for soft tissue and congenital defects in a series of views/planes

MRI Scan

Junction of the crown and root

Neck

Involves resection of the soft tissue and excision of the bone surrounding the tooth prior to removal of the tooth

Odontectomy

Contains fat for protection from shock and also contains the optic nerve-2nd cranial nerve

Orbital Bones

Cerebral Spinal Fluid leaking from ear

Otorrhea

Hard and Soft

Palate

One x-ray with excellent view of all the alveolar processes and mandible

Panoramic View

Protects the patient's lips

Plastic Cheek Retractor

Entire face is prepped, from hairline to sternal notch

Prepping for surgery

20 teeth, deciduous, usually start coming out at 6 months of age

Primary Teeth

Contains the blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue

Pulp

Immobilization of jaw following mandibular and/or maxillary fracture

Purpose of the Arch Bar Application

Project upward at an angle from the posterior part of each mandibular body, the condylar process is the posterior projection of the ramus, Coronoid process is the anterior projection of the ramus

Ramus

Underdevelopment of the mandible

Retrognathism

Cerebral Spinal Fluid leaking from nose

Rhinorrhea

Portion below the gumline

Root

32 teeth, permanent, beginning at about the age of 6

Secondary Teeth

Drill, Measure, Tap, Screw

Sequence for plate and screw insertion

Posterior, Consists of muscles

Soft Palate

Occurs below the capsule

Subcondylar Fracture

Occur along the mandible between the bicuspid teeth, hematomas can form sublingually due to damage along the floor of the mouth

Symphysis and Parasymphyseal Fractures

Involves the removal of a tooth or teeth that cannot be salvaged by restoration or those that inteerfere with occlusion

Teeth Extraction

Synovial joint, formed at the bicondylar junction of the mandible and the temporal bones, the mandible articulates with the glenoid fossa of each temporal bone

Temporomandibular Joint

Crown, Root, and Neck

Three regions of a tooth

Consists of the condylar process, portions of the temporal bone, mandibular fossa, and articular tubercle

TMJ

Thick muscular organ covered with mucous membrane lining that consists of chemoreceptors for taste

Tongue

Extrinsic and Intrisic

The tongue is controled by 2 muscles

Innervates the 4 muscles of the lower jaw

Trigeminal Nerve (5th Cranial Nerve)

Lymphoid Tissue

Uvula

Inferior posterior nasal septum

Vomer Bone

Flat plate (plain x-ray film) with neck hyperextended; nose and chin against the cassette; view frontal/maxillary sinus and infraorbital rim

Waters View

Little sponges used for ophthalmic procedures, designed for use in delicate surgical areas

Weck Cell Sponges

What bones form a portion of the inferior and lateral wall of the orbit

Zygomatic Bones/Malar Bones

What bones form the "bridge" of the nose

A pair of Nasal bones

What bones form the prominences of the cheeks

Zygomatic Bones/Malar Bones

What can cysts and cancers affect

Tongue, Palate, or mandible

What causes dental caries

Acidic condition low pH, normal range 6.5-7.5, demineralizes the enamel

What dictates the type of incision used to repair the horizontal ramus fracture

The degree of fracture

What is the largest and strongest facial bone

Mandible

What is used to correct malocclusion

Orthodontics or osteotomies

What nerve must be preserved when using the preauricular incision

The frontal branch of the facial nerve

What nerve must be preserved when using the submandibular incision

The mandibular branch of the facial nerve

What sinus does the Maxillary bones contain

Maxillary Sinus

What size do screws come in

1.0-4.0 mm

What type of incision can be used to repair the horizontal ramus fracture

Intraorally or transbuccal

What type of incision is used for a condyle or subcondylar fracture

Submandibular and/or preauricular

What type of incision is used to repair the mandibular angle fracture

Submandibular or preauricular incision

What type of material is used

Titanium

When should counts occur

Before, during, and after procedure

Which 2 cranial nerves do the facial muscles innervate

7th Cranial Nerve-Facial Nerve and 5th Cranial Nerve-Trigeminal Nerve

Which muscle does the 7th cranial nerve not inervate with

Jaw Muscle

Why are Raney clips used

To help minimize bleeding at the hairline

Local anesthesic, used to help with post op pain, with epinepherin-to minimize bleeding

Xylocane-Lidocaine