Refer to the image. What anatomy is labeled as letter C?

iliac crest
AIIS
ASIS
ala of ilium

ASIS

Situation: A patient comes to radiology with a request for a right hip study. He is from an extended care facility and is confused about the cause of the injury. The technologist takes an AP pelvis, and when the lateral frog-leg projection is attempted, the patient complains loudly about the pain in his affected hip. What should the technologist do to complete the study?

Continue to position the patient, but move the affected limb more gently
Perform the axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection
Perform the anterior pelvis (Taylor) outlet projection
Perform the AP pelvis projection only

Perform the axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection

The term pelvic girdle refers to the total pelvis including the sacrum and coccyx.
False
True

False

Refer to the image. What projection and anatomy of interest is depicted?

AP axial (Taylor); anterior pelvic bones
AP axial (Bridgeman); pelvic inlet
AP oblique (modified Cleaves); femoral necks
AP oblique (Cleaves); femoral necks

AP oblique (modified Cleaves); femoral necks

A radiograph of an AP pelvis reveals that the right iliac wing is foreshortened as compared with the left side. What specific positioning problem is present on this radiograph?
Incorrect CR centering or angulation
Right rotation
Left rotation
Right tilt

Left rotation

The internal oblique position of the AP oblique projection (Judet method) demonstrates the:
iliopubic column and anterior rim of acetabulum
ilioischial column and anterior rim of acetabulum
ilioischial column and posterior rim of acetabulum
iliopubic column and posterior rim of acetabulum

iliopubic column and posterior rim of acetabulum

What CR angle is required for the AP axial, inlet projection?
10 to 15 degrees cephalad
30 degrees cephalad
40 degrees caudad
20 to 30 degrees caudad

40 degrees caudad

The letter B on the illustration below identifies the :

ilioischel column
iliopubic column
acetabulum column
ischelpubic column

iliopubic column

The angle of the SI joints is ____ degrees relative to the midsagittal plane.
30 to 35 degrees
10 degrees
25 to 30 degrees
20 degrees

25 to 30 degrees

A radiograph of an AP pelvis reveals that the left obturator foramen is more open or elongated as compared with the right. What is the specific positioning error present on this radiograph?
Right rotation
Left tilt
Incorrect CR centering or angulation
Left rotation

Right rotation

A radiograph of an AP pelvis demonstrates that the right obturator foramen is foreshortened but the left foramen is open. Which one of the following positioning errors is present on this radiograph?
Right tilt
Excessive CR angle
Left rotation
Right rotation

Right rotation

Which of the following imaging modalities will best detect early signs of bone infection of the pelvis?
Nuclear medicine
MRI
CT
Radiography

Nuclear medicine

The below pictured projection is called the:

Cleaves Method
Bridgeman Method
Judet Method
Taylor Method

Bridgeman Method

Unless contraindicated, the lower limb and leg should be internally rotated for an axiolateral projection of the hip (Danelius-Miller). How many degrees of rotation are required?
10 degrees
15 degrees
20 degrees
15 to 20 degrees

15 to 20 degrees

Which projection of the hip is shown in the figure above?
axiolateral
lateral
axiolateral oblique
superoinferior

axiolateral

The posterior oblique (Judet method) for the acetabulum requires a 10- to 15-degree rotation of the body.
True
False

False

Which of the following describes the direction of the central ray for an axiolateral projection of the hip (Danelius-Miller)?
(1) perpendicular to the IR
(2) perpendicular to the long axis of the femoral neck
(3) perpendicular to the long axis of the femur
1 and 2
1 and 3
1, 2, and 3
2 and 3

1 and 2

A radiograph of an AP axial (Taylor) “outlet” projection reveals that the obturator foramina are not symmetric. What type of positioning problem is present on this radiograph?
Rotation of the pelvis
Probable fracture of the pubis or ischium
The CR was off-center
Tilt of the pelvis

Rotation of the pelvis

A radiograph of an LPO projection for sacroiliac joints reveals that the ilium is superimposed over the involved joint. What type of positioning error is present on this radiograph?
Excessive rotation or obliquity
Incorrect CR angulation
Tilt toward the right
Insufficient rotation or obliquity

Excessive rotation or obliquity

The body is placed at what angle for the AP oblique projection (Judet method) of the acetabulum?
45 degrees
50 degrees
40 to 50 degrees
45 to 60 degrees

45 degrees

The following projection is being demonstrated in the image below:

Ilium Projection
Inlet Projection
Outlet Projection
Acetabulum Projection

Inlet Projection

For the AP oblique femoral necks (modified Cleaves method), the central ray is directed:
35 degrees
45 degrees
0 degrees
15 degrees

0 degrees

How much is the central ray angled for the AP oblique projection (Judet method) of the acetabulum?
10 degrees
15 degrees
12 degrees
0 degrees

0 degrees

Examine this AP oblique (Judet) image of the right hip obtained with the patient positioned for the internal oblique. What is the anatomy of interest?

anterior acetabular rim and ilioischial column
posterior acetabular rim and ilioischial column
anterior acetabular rim and iliopubic column
posterior acetabular rim and iliopubic column

posterior acetabular rim and iliopubic column

The following projection is being demonstrated in the image below:

Bridgeman Method Projection
Clements-Nakayama Projection
Taylor Method Projection
Judet Projection Projection

Bridgeman Method Projection

How much should the thighs be abducted for the AP oblique projection of the femoral necks (modified Cleaves method)?
30 degrees
10 degrees
45 degrees
20 degrees

45 degrees

Which bones fuse to form the acetabulum?
Pubis, ilium, and sacrum
Ischium and pubis
Ischium, pubis, and ilium
Ilium and ischium

Ischium, pubis, and ilium

Where is the IR centered for an AP pelvis?
at the level of the ASIS
2 inches below the iliac crest
midway between the ASIS and the pubic symphysis
at the level of the pubic symphysis

midway between the ASIS and the pubic symphysis

Using the above hip localization method, the femoral head can be located:
1½ inches (4 cm) below the midpoint of the imaginary line between the two bony landmarks.
1 inch (2.5 cm) below the midpoint of the imaginary line between the two bony landmarks.
2½ inches (6 to 7 cm) below the midpoint of the imaginary line between the two bony landmarks.
at the level of the symphysis pubis.

1½ inches (4 cm) below the midpoint of the imaginary line between the two bony landmarks.

Which bone of the pelvic girdle forms the anterior inferior aspect?
Ischium
Pubis
Sacrum
Ilium

Pubis

The following position is demonstrating which of the following Methods ?

Bridgeman Method
Jedet Method
Taylor Method
Clements-Nakayama Method

Clements-Nakayama Method

Which of the following methods demonstrate the hip in an axiolateral projection?
Danelius-Miller
modified Cleaves
Chassard-Lapiné
Lauenstein, Hickey

Danelius-Miller

How much is the image receptor tilted from the horizontal for the modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama) projection?
5 to 10 degrees
None. The IR must be keep perpendicular to the tabletop
25 to 30 degrees
15 to 20 degrees

15 to 20 degrees

The respiration phase for the axiolateral projection of the hip (Danelius-Miller) is:
inspiration
shallow breathing
expiration
suspended respiration

suspended respiration

Examine this AP oblique (Judet) image of the right hip obtained with the patient positioned for the internal oblique. What patient position is depicted in this image?

45 degrees LPO
45 degrees RAO
45 degrees RPO
45 degrees LAO

45 degrees LPO

Refer to the image. What anatomy is labeled as letter B?

lesser trochanter
iliac crest
acetabulum
femoral head

lesser trochanter

Situation: A patient comes to the ED with a possible pelvic ring fracture. The initial AP pelvis projection is inconclusive. What other projection can be taken to assist with the diagnosis?
Modified bilateral axiolateral projections
AP, bilateral frog-leg projection
AP axial inlet projection
Posterior oblique positions for SI joints

AP axial inlet projection

The image receptor must be placed parallel to the femoral neck for the axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of the hip.
False
True

True

A radiograph of a right SI joint demonstrates it open and clearly seen. Which of the following positions was performed?
LAO
RPO
LPO
AP

LPO

The below pectured projection is called the :

Cleaves Method
Bridgeman Method
Taylor Method
Judet Method

Taylor Method

The radiograph below best demonstrates which area the best:

acetabulum column
ilioischel column
ischeopubic column
iliopubic column

ilioischel column

A radiograph of an axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of the hip reveals a soft tissue artifact seen across the affected hip. This artifact prevents a clear view of the femoral head and neck. What must the technologist do to eliminate this artifact or its effect during the repeat exposure?
Slightly rotate the patient toward the affected side and angle 5 degrees caudad.
Increase the elevation and flexion of the patient’s unaffected leg.
Ensure that the CR is centered to the grid to prevent grid cutoff.
Increase the kV.

Increase the elevation and flexion of the patient’s unaffected leg.

Which of the following describes the position of the IR for the axiolateral projection of the hip (Danelius-Miller)?
(1) parallel with the long axis of the femoral neck
(2) its upper border in the crease above the iliac crest
(3) perpendicular to the long axis of the femur
2 and 3
1 and 3
1 and 2
1, 2, and 3

1 and 2

Which of the following lateral hip projections cannot be performed on a trauma patient with a possible hip fracture?
Judet method
Danelius-Miller
Clements-Nakayama
Modified Cleaves method

Modified Cleaves method

Which of the following methods will demonstrate the hip in a lateral projection?
Danelius-Miller
Cleaves
modified Cleaves
Lauenstein, Hickey

Lauenstein, Hickey

Situation: A patient enters the ED with a possible separation of the symphysis pubis due to trauma. The AP pelvis projection is inconclusive for determining the extent of the injury. What other projection can be taken to evaluate this region?
AP axial “inlet” projection
Axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection
Posterior oblique (Judet) projection
AP axial (Taylor) outlet projection

AP axial (Taylor) outlet projection

The proper name of the method used for the unilateral frog-leg projection is the:
Taylor.
Grashey.
modified Cleaves.
Danelius-Miller.

modified Cleaves.

Which of the following projections can be performed with one exposure if a compensating filter is used?
axiolateral hip (Danelius-Miller method)
AP hip
AP oblique acetabulum (Judet method)
AP oblique ilium

axiolateral hip (Danelius-Miller method)

The radiograph below best demonstrates which area the best:

ischeopubic column
iliopubic column
ilioischel column
acetabulum column

iliopubic column

Refer to the image. What projection (method) is demonstrated?

mediolateral (Lauenstein)
AP oblique (modified Cleaves)
axiolateral (Danelius-Miller)
AP oblique (Judet)

axiolateral (Danelius-Miller)

A radiograph of an axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection reveals that there is an excessive amount of grid lines present. A 6:1 linear grid was used. Which of the following points will correct this problem on the repeat exposure?
Keep the image receptor perpendicular to the femoral neck.
Decrease the SID.
Keep the image receptor parallel to the femoral neck.
Use a screen rather than a grid.

Keep the image receptor parallel to the femoral neck.

Refer to the image. What positioning error is evident?

The knees were not flexed to reduce lordotic curve.
The lower limbs were not externally rotated.
None. This image meets all evaluation criteria.
The lower limbs were not internally rotated

The lower limbs were not internally rotated

The following projection is being demonstrated in the image below :

Acetabulum Projection
Outlet Projection
Inlet Projection
Ilium Projection

Outlet Projection

Which of the following bony structures cannot be palpated?
ASIS
Symphysis pubis
Ischial spine
Ischial tuberosity

Ischial spine

Situation: A patient enters the ED with possible bilateral fractured hips. Which of the following routines should be performed?
AP pelvis and axiolateral (inferosuperior) projections for both hips
AP pelvis and bilateral frog-leg projections
AP pelvis and posterior oblique (Judet) projections
AP pelvis and modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama method) projections for both hips

AP pelvis and modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama method) projections for both hips

The following projection is being demonstrated in the image below :

Clements-Nakayama Projection
Judet Projection Projection
Bridgeman Method Projection
Taylor Method Projection

Taylor Method Projection

Which of the following devices are necessary to perform an axiolateral projection of the hip (Danelius-Miller)?
(1) sandbags
(2) leg support device
(3) vertical IR holder
2 and 3
1 and 3
1 and 2
1, 2, and 3

1, 2, and 3

Where is the central ray directed for the AP oblique projection (modified Cleaves) of the femoral necks?
1 inch inferior to the pubic symphysis
at the pubic symphysis
2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis
1 inch superior to the pubic symphysis

1 inch superior to the pubic symphysis

In the below illustration, the Right acetabulum is demonstated in the which of the follolwing

None of the above
Internal Oblique Position
Exteranl Oblique Position
Neutral Oblique Position

Internal Oblique Position

Which of the following projections provides the greatest amount of gonadal dose for a male patient (without the use of shielding)?
AP hip projection
Axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection
AP bilateral frog-leg (modified Cleaves) projection
AP pelvis projection

Axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection

The below pictured projection is called the :

Taylor Method
Bridgeman Method
Judet Method
Cleaves Method

Judet Method

Which of the following positions will best demonstrate the superior and posterior rim of the acetabulum?
AP axial (Taylor method)
Posterior oblique (Judet method)
Modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama method)
RPO and LPO projections

Posterior oblique (Judet method)

Refer to the image. What anatomy is labeled as letter C?

femoral neck
acetabulum
iliac crest
femoral head

femoral head

The AP axial projection (Bridgeman method) requires the central ray be directed:
40 degrees caudad
20 to 35 degrees caudad for males; 30 to 45 degrees caudad for females
perpendicular
40 degrees cephalad

40 degrees caudad

What is the central-ray entrance point for the AP oblique projection (Judet method) of the acetabulum?
2 inches inferior to the ASIS
3 inches superior to the ASIS
3 inches inferior to the ASIS
2 inches superior to the ASIS

2 inches inferior to the ASIS

Which part of the acetabulum is being best demonstrated ?

Anterior rim of the acetabulum
Posterior rim of the acetabulum

Posterior rim of the acetabulum

The use of the 80 kV technique (as opposed to 90) with a corresponding mAs change for an AP pelvis projection will result in higher contrast but will have what effect on the male and female gonadal dose?
Will reduce dose by 10% to 15%
Will reduce dose by 20% to 30%
Will increase dose by 20% to 30%
None of the above; difference is not measurable

Will increase dose by 20% to 30%

Which part of the acetabulum is being best demonstrated ?

Anterior rim of the acetabulum
Posterior rim of the acetabulm

Anterior rim of the acetabulum

During a repeat study of the AP axial (Taylor) outlet projection, both obturator foramina are symmetric but foreshortened. Which of the following positioning modifications must be performed to correct this error?
Correct for rotation.
Use a perpendicular CR.
Increase the cephalic CR angulation.
Increase the caudal CR angulation.

Increase the cephalic CR angulation.

What CR angle must be used for an AP axial (Taylor method) “outlet” projection for a male patient?
15 to 20 degrees cephalad
20 to 35 degrees cephalad
20 to 35 degrees caudad
0 degrees (CR perpendicular to the image receptor)

20 to 35 degrees cephalad

The radiograph below best demonstrates the Right hip in which of the following

None of the above
Exteranl Oblique Position
Internal Oblique Position
Neutral Oblique Position

Exteranl Oblique Position

A radiograph of an AP pelvis reveals that the lesser trochanters are not visualized. This pelvis projection was performed for nontraumatic reasons. What should the technologist do (if anything) to correct this on the repeat exposure?
Do nothing. Accept the radiograph and don’t repeat the exposure.
Ensure that the ASIS is an equal distance from the tabletop.
Angle the CR 10 to 15 degrees cephalad.
Rotate the lower limbs more internally.

Do nothing. Accept the radiograph and don’t repeat the exposure.

The lesser sciatic notch is an aspect of the:
sacrum.
ilium.
ischium.
pubis.

ischium

Which of the following projections would be best for a patient with trauma to both proximal femurs (in addition to the AP pelvis)?
Modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama)
Axiolateral (inferosuperior)
Anterior oblique (Teufel)
AP axial (Taylor)

Modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama)

How much obliquity of the body is required for posterior oblique positions for the sacroiliac joints?
10 to 15 degrees
45 degrees
25 to 30 degrees
60 to 70 degrees

25 to 30 degrees

The letter A on the illustration below identifies the :

iliopubic column
ischelpubic column
acetabulum column
ilioischel column

ilioischel column

The LPO position for sacroiliac joints will best demonstrate the right joint.
True
False

True False

Situation: A patient enters ED with a possible pelvic ring fracture due to a MVA. The initial pelvis projections do not reveal any fracture or dislocation, but the ED physician is concerned about a possible right acetabular fracture. Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the right acetabulum?
Axiolateral inferosuperior projection (Danelius-Miller method)
AP axial inlet projection
Modified axiolateral projection (Clements-Nakayama method)
Posterior oblique pelvis projection (Judet method)

Posterior oblique pelvis projection (Judet method)

Only a small part of the lesser trochanter, if any, will be visible on a well-positioned axiolateral (inferosuperior) lateral hip.
True
False

True

The external oblique position of the AP oblique projection (Judet method) demonstrates the:
ilioischial column and anterior rim of acetabulum
iliopubic column and posterior rim of acetabulum
iliopubic column and anterior rim of acetabulum
ilioischial column and posterior rim of acetabulum

ilioischial column and anterior rim of acetabulum

Refer to the image. What anatomy is labeled as letter A?

greater trochanter
femoral neck
femoral head
acetabulum

acetabulum