HESI A2 A&P
Which of the following structures has the lowest blood pressure?
vein
Which of the heart chambers is the most muscular?
Left ventricle
Which part of the brain interprets sensory information?
Cerebrum
Which of the following proteins is produced by cartilage?
collagen
Which component of the nervous system is responsible for lowering the heart rate?
parasympathetic nervous system
Which type of substance breaks down to form urea?
protein
What is the name of a joint that can only move in two directions?
hinge
Which of the following muscle types are the filaments arranged in a disorderly manner?
smooth
How much air does an adult inhale in an average breath?
500mL
Which type of cell secretes antibodies?
plasma cells
Which force motivates filtration in the kidneys?
blood pressure
Which of the following hormones decreases the concentration of blood glucose?
insulin
Which structure controls the hormones secreted by the pituitary glad?
hypothalamus
How much of a females blood vol is composed of RBC's?
40%
Which type of cholesterol is considered to be best for health?
HDL
Where are the vocal cords located?
larynx
Where does gas exchange occur in the human body?
alveoli
Which structure of the nervous system carries action potential in the direction of a synapse?
axon
Where is the parathyroid gland located?
neck
What is the name of the process in the lungs by which oxygen is transported from the air to the blood?
diffusion
What are the two types of cellular transport?
active and passive
How many basic tissue types does a human have?
four
Which of the following is not a type of muscle tissue?
adipose
Which of the following organ systems has the purpose of producing movement through contraction?
muscular
Which of the following terms means toward the front of the body?
anterior
The brain is part of the ____ system?
nervous
Which of the following is the name for the study of the structure and shape of the human body?
anatomy
Which of the following is the name for the study of how parts of the body functions?
physiology
Which of the below is the best definition for the term circulation?
the transport of oxygen and other nutrients to the tissues via the cardiovascular system
Which of the following is not a type of CT?
smooth
How many organ systems are in the human body?
eleven
Which organ system includes the spleen?
lymphatic
Which of the following terms means close to the trunk?
proximal
Which of the following does the integumentary system, the skin NOT do?
return fluid to the blood vessels
What does the term optic refer to?
the eye or vision
What are groups of cells that perform the same function called?
Tissues
When does the nuclear division of somatic cells take place during cellular reproduction?
mitosis
Which group of major parts and organs make up the immune system?
lymphatic system, spleen, tonsils, thymus, and bone marrow
What are the role of ribosomes?
make proteins
Which of the following is an example of a tissue?
chloroplast
the adrenal glands are part of the _____ system?
endocrine system
hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body, making oxygen available for cell use, what is hemoglobin?
protein
Which of the following statements describes the function of smooth muscle tissue/
it contracts to assist the stomach in the mechanical breakdown of food
Which of the following is not a product of respiration?
glucose
Of the following the blood vessel containing the least oxygenated blood is?
the pulmonary artery
Which structure in the brain is responsible for carousel and maintenance of consciousness?
reticular activating system
The triceps reflex _____.
force contraction of the triceps and extension of the arm
Which cranial nerve is responsible for hearing and balance?
CN VIII
Which gland is responsible for the regulation of calcium levels?
parathyroid glands
Which hormone is predominately produced during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?
progesterone
The pancreas secrets what hormone in response to low glucose levels?
glucagon
Which layer of the heart contains striated muscle fibers for contraction of the heart?
myocardium
What part of the cardiac conduction system is the most distal from the initial impulse generation and actually conducts the charge throughout the heart tissue?
perkinje fibers
Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood back to the heart?
pulmonary vein
Which granulocyte is most likely to be elevated during an allergic reaction?
eosinophil
Which vit is essential for proper formation of clotting factors?
vit K
afferent lymph vessel carry lymph _____?
toward the lymph node
cricoid cartilage is found on the ____?
trachea
Which of the following is not found in the mediastinum?
xiphoid process
What is the proper order of the divisions of the small intestine as food passes through the gastrointestinal tract?
duodenum, ileum, jejunum
The primary function of gastrin is to _____?
stimulate secretion of gastric enzymes and motility of the stomach
the majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the ____?
small intestine
What is the approximate average bladder capacity in an adult?
500 ml
Which hormone regulates the amount of urine output?
angiotension 1
Where is the interstitial fluid found?
in tissues around the cells
What lab values would you expect to see in a patient with respiratory acidosis?
increased PaCO2 and decreased pH
Which range represents the normal pH of the body fluids:
7.35-7.45
What testicular cells secrete testosterone?
leydigs cells
Where does fertilization of an egg by a sperm occur?
fallopian tubes
Which cells are found in the skin and assist in boosting immune function?
langerhans cells
How does the endocrine sytem work with the reproductive system?
the endocrine system produces chemicals that regulate sexual funtion
What hormone controls mood, sleep, and appetite?
serotonin
which lobe of the brain is most posterior?
Occipital
Which of the following is an HDL cholesterol level that might warrant regular testing?
40
How does a transverse section divide the body?
into upper and lower regions
What is the function of amylase/
breaking down starch
The spleen is part of the ____ system?
lymphatic system
Which mineral is important for the formation of red blood cells/
copper
the dorsal body cavity is ____ to the ventral body cavity?
posterior
Which organ system is primarily responsible for preventing water loss/
integumentary
Which is an anterior feature of the human head?
the nose
What is the primary hormone secreted by the thyroid ?
T4
enlargement of the thyroid commonly know as a goiter, might be expected to affect ____.
swallowing
What kind of muscles are involved in peristalsis?
smooth muscles
why might certain young people be underweight?
They are growing in height faster than they are gaining weight
What might an injury to the parietal lobe affect?
perception
How does the digestive system work with the urinary system?
the urinary system eliminates some waste products of digestion
Which gland is located superior to the kidney?
adrenal
to what two systems might the urethra belong?
urinary and reproductive
the axial skeletal system contains all these except _____ .
radius
Which is an anterior muscle?
quadriceps femoris
how might a headrest on a car prevent traumatic injury?
by limiting the hyperextension of the neck
Which might you see in a whiplash injury?
traumatic injury to ligaments
muscle contractions that normally move food along the human digestive system are known as ?
peristalsis
Which type of nutrient does NOT provide the body with energy?
vitamins
Where would you be likely to find a Schwann cell?
nervous system
How does the nervous system work with the muscular system?
The nervous system tells the muscles how to respond to the environment
Which part of the nervous system includes the femoral radial and ulnar nerves?
somatic
Where might be a herniated lumbar disc be most likely to create pain?
along the sciatic nerve
What is the name of the bone in the human thigh?
femur
The ovaries are part of the ___?
reproductive system
Of the following processes which one is a different level of defense from the others?
body cells recognize a pathogen
Which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating muscle growth?
endocrine
Which part of the heart is separated by the Mitral valve ?
Left atrium and Left ventricle
How might Vit D deficiency present?
as crooked bones
How does the lymphatic system work with the circulatory system?
lymph draws excess fluid from the cells and deposits it into the blood vessels
What is the primary function of the parathyroid hormone?
activiating vit D
which feature of the ear is most medial/
cochlea
Which of the following is considered normal values for the measure of a persons pulse and blood pressure?
72 bpm and 120/80 mmHg
How does a sagittal section divide the body?
into right and left regions
The gall bladder is part of the ____ system.
digestive
Which is NOT an example of a nonspecific immune response?
production of antibodies
Which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating electrolytes?
urinary
What is the function of the coronary artery?
it supplies blood to the heart muscle
what condition might result from lack of Vit C?
scurvy
How does the muscular system work with the skeletal system/
muscles attached to tendons contract to bend the skeleton at the joints
What is not produced by the pituitary gland?
TRH
the ribs are ___ to the lungs in the human body?
anterior
What is the normal pH of the human arterial blood?
7.4
Which cut is considered a cross section?
cut through the transverse plane
The corpus callous facilitates communication between the ?
left and right brain
how does the integumentary system work with the nervous system?
touch input via the integumentary system sends messages to the nervous system
When the pulmonary valve and aortic valves open where can blood flow?
between the heart and the rest of the body
Which might be a result of a stenosis, or narrowing of a heart valve?
irregular heart beat
The human skull contains about how many bones?
30
the arteries are part of ____ system?
cardiovascular system
Which is a secondary defense for the body against pathogens?
inflammation
Which organ system is primarily responsible for storing minerals?
skeletal
The vena cavae drains blood from the body into the ____.
right atrium
Beriberi is a disease caused by the lack of ____ .
Thiamine
How is pepsin used in the body?
to break down proteins
The esophagus is part of the _____ system?
digestive
Which supports the function of the thyroid?
iodine
the cheekbones are ____ to the nose.
lateral
Which organ system is primarily responsible for generating antibodies?
lymphatic
The lateral side of the right knee would be ____.
farthest from the left knee
In which part of the lungs do nearly all the gaseous exchanges between air and blood take place?
alveoli
how do the intercostal muscles between the ribs assist with respiration?
by enlarging and reducing the space in the thorax
In which organ do muscles push food into the stomach via peristalsis?
esophagus
For the average person what is true about caloric intake?
it should decline with are after age 25
Which enzyme functions to break down a specific sugar?
lactase
the hypothalamus is part of the ____ system?
endocrine
Which mineral helps to maintain fluid balance in the body?
potassium
The skull is ____ to the spinal cord?
superior
Which organ system is primarily responsible for integrating voluntary movements?
nervous
What is the name of the structure that prevents food from entering the airway?
epiglottis
Which substance makes up the pads that provide support between the vertebrae?
cartilage
How many different types of tissue are there in the human body?
four
What is the name of the outermost layer of skin?
epidermis
Which hormone stimulates milk production in the breasts during lactation?
prolactin