The main goal of meiosis is to

produce cells with one copy of each type of chromosome

In mitosis, each parent cell produces ______ daughter cells, while in meiosis, _____ daughter cells are produced

2, 4

The head of the sperm is comprised of what three components?

acrosome

nucleus

flagellar basal body

Infertility is defined as

the inability to fertilize an egg

Name the term for the process of sperm production

spermatogenesis

Human gametes (sperm and ova) are produced via the type of cell division called

meiosis

The fluid expelled (ejaculated) during male orgasm is called ______

semen

List the events that occur during spermiogenesis

growth of flagellum

loss of excess ctytoplasm

A mature sperm cell is also known as a ______

spermatozoon

When somatic cells are diploid, gametes are ________; they have one copy of each type of chromosome

haploid

Name the type of stem cell that produces cells which, in turn, enter meiosis

spermatogonium

Following the process of _____, daughter cells are produced that are genetically distinct from each other

meiosis

Meiosis I of spermatogenesis gives rise to two equal-size, haploid and genetically unique ______ spermatocytes

secondary

During prophase I homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA in a process called ______ _______

crossing over

Describe the morphology of a mature spermatozoon

pear-shaped with a long tail

The modified lysosome within the spermatozoon that contains enzymes needed to penetrate the egg is called the ______

acrosome

Mitochondria are located in the _____ of the sperm

midpiece

A typical ejaculation results in the discharge of 2 to 5 mL of the fluid called ________

semen

In prophase I of meiosis, each pair of homologous chromosomes line up side by side and form a _______

tetrad

As part of the secretion of the prostate, the compound _____ breaks down seminogelin, liquifying the semen

serine protease (PSA)

Two requirements must be met for sperm motility: ______, and an energy source (ATP)

elevated pH

A healthy, post-pubescent, young man can produce about _____ sperm per day

400 million

Each secondary spermatocytes undergo meiosis II, dividing into two

spermatids

The earliest stem cells specifically destined to become spermatogonia are called

primordial germ cells