What are all the different types of synovial joints

• Plane
• Hinge
• Pivot
• Saddle
• Ball and Socket
• Condyloid

Plane Joint

bones with articulating surfaces that are flat or slightly curved, allowing for limited movement; pivot joints consist of the rounded end of one bone fitting into a ring formed by the other bone to allow rotational movement. Non axial movement
Ex: intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints

Hinge joint

act like the hinge of a door; the slightly-rounded end of one bone fits into the slightly-hollow end of the other bone; one bone remains stationary. uni axial movement
ex: elbow

Pivot joints

rounded end of one bone fitting into a ring formed by the other bone. This structure allows rotational movement, as the rounded bone moves around its own axis. uni axial movement
ex:Proximal radioulnar joints, radius-ulna

Condylar Joint

an oval-shaped end of one bone fitting into a similarly oval-shaped hollow of another bone.allows angular movement along two axes. Bi axial movement
ex: knuckle joints and wrist joints

Saddle joint

Each bone in a saddle joint resembles a saddle, with concave and convex portions that fit together. Saddle joints allow angular movements similar to condyloid joints, but with a greater range of motion. Bi-axial movement

example: the thumb joint, which can move back and forth and up and down; it can move more freely than the wrist or fingers .

Ball and socket joint

Ball-and-socket joints possess a rounded, ball-like end of one bone fitting into a cup-like socket of another bone. This organization allows the greatest range of motion, as all movement types are possible in all directions. Examples of ball-and-socket joints are the shoulder and hip joints .

Flexion, extension and hypertension

flexion- a bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint and brings the articulation bones closer together

Extension- the reverse of flexion. increases the angle between the articulating joints & typically straightens the a flexed limb

hyperextension- continuing such movement beyond the anatomical position

Gliding

Occurs when one flat, or nearly flat bone surface glides or slips over another. Occurs in wrist

Rotation

The turning of a bone around its own long axis. Rotation may be directed toward or away from midline.

Abduction and Adduction

Abduction: Movement of a limb away from the midline or median plane of the body Ex: raising arm or thigh

Adduction: Opposite of Abduction. Movement of a limb towards the midline or body

Circumduction

The moving of a limb so that it does a cone in space. The distal end of a limb moves in a circle, while the point of the cone is more or less stationary

Pronation and supination

Refers to the movement of radius around the ulna.

Supination: Rotating the forearm laterally so that the palm faces anteriorly or superiorly

Pronation: the forearm rotates medially and the palm faces posteriorly or inferiorly. The two bones form an X

Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion

Dorsiflexion: Lifting the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin

Plantar Flexion: Depressing foot. (pointing toes)

opposition

Thumb. This movement is the action taken when you touch your thumb to the tips of other fingers on the same hand

Protraction and Retraction

Protraction: nonangular anterior movements

Retraction: Nonangular posterior movements

Elevation and Depression

Elevation: lifting a body part superiorly

Depression: Moving the elevated part inferiorly

Diffusion

Osmosis

Concept of selective permeability

Passive transport

Active transport