True or False:

Anatomy is the study of body structures and their relationships.

True

True or False:

Physiology is the science of how body parts function.

True

Name the 3 major subdivision of anatomy.

• gross anatomy
• microscopic anoatomy
• developmental anatomy

Physiology concerns the ________________ of specific organs organ systems.

functioning

What 2 principles explain Physiology?

1. Chemical Principle
2. Physical Principle

The ______________ principle explains the reasoning why anatomy and physiology are inseparable.

• complementary of structure and function

Anatomy and physiology are inseparable: What a body can do depends on the unique architecture of its parts.

Name the levels of structural organization of the body, from simplest to the most complex.

1. chemical
2. cellular
3. tissue
4. organ
5. organ system
6. organism

Name the 11 organ systems of the body.

• integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive.

The immune system is a functional system closely associated with the lymphatic system.

Name the 7 vital functional activities necessary of life.

• maintenance of boundaries
• movement
• responsiveness, digestion
• metabolism
• excretion
• reproduction
• growth

Name the 5 survival needs necessary for life.

• nutrients
• water
• oxygen
• appropriate temperature
• atmospheric pressue

True or False:

Homeostasis is NOT a dynamic equilibrium of the internal environment.

False

• Homeostasis is a dynamic equilibrium of the internal environment. All body systems contribute ot homeostasis, by the nervous and endocrine systems are most important. Homeostasis is necessary for health.

Name the 3 control mechanisms of the body that work together during homeostasis.

1. receptor(s)
2. control center
3. effector(s)

__________ __________ _________ reduce the effect of the original stimulus, and are essential for maintaining homeostatic control

• Negative feedback mechanisms

Body temperature, heart rate, breathing rate and depth, and blood levels of glucose and certain irons are regulated by negative feedback mechanisms.

_________ ____________ __________ intensify the initial stimulus, leading to an enhancement of the response during homeostatic control.

• Positive feedback mechanisums

Positive feedback mechanisms rarely contribute to homeostasis, but blood clotting and labor contraction are regulated by such mechanisms.

True or False:

With age, efficiency of negative feedback mechanisms declines. These change underlie certain disease conditions.

True

What position is represented by: the body erect, facing forward, feet slightly apart, arms at sides with palms facing forward

• Anatomical position

Name the Orientation and directional term.

• Superior (cranial)

toward the head end or upper part of thea structure or the body; above - head is superior to the abdomen.

Name the Orientation and directional term.

• Inferior (caudal)

Away from the head end or oward the lower part of a structur or the body, below - the navel is inferior o the chin.

Name the Orientation and directional term.

• Anterior (ventral)

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of - the breastbone is anterior to the spine.

Name the Orientation and directional term.

• Posterior (dorsal)

Toward or at the back of the body; behind - the heart is posterior to the breastbone.

Name the Orientation and directional term.

• Medial

Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of - the heart is medial to the arm.

Name the Orientation and directional term.

• Lateral

Away from the mid-line of the body; on the outer side of - the arms are lateral to the chest.

Name the Orientation and directional term.

• Intermediate

Between a more medial and a more lateral structure - the collarbone is intermediate between the breastbone and the shoulder.

Name the Orientation and directional term.

• Proximal

Closer to the origin of the body part or attachment of a limb to th ebody ttrunk - the elbow is proximal to the wrist.

Name the Orientation and directional term.

• Distal

Farther from the origin of a body part - the knee is distal to the thigh.

Name the Orientation and directional term.

• Superficial (external)

toward or at the body surface - the skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles.

Name the Orientation and directional term.

• Deep (internal)

Away from the body surface; more internal - the lungs are deep to the skin

Name the plan in the picture.

• Frontal (coronal) plane

divide the body into anterior and posterior parts

Name the plan in the picture.

• Median (midsagittal) Plane

A sagittal plane that lies EXACTLY in the midline

Name the plan in the picture.

• Transverse (horizontal) Plane

What plane consist of cuts made diagonally between the horizontal and the vertical planes

• Oblique sections

A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sections is refereed to as what?

• Sagittal Plane

Name four abdominoplevic quadrants.

• Right upper
• Right lower
• Left upper
• Left lower

Name the 9 regions of the Ventral body cavity

• Right hypochondriac region
• epigastic region
• Left hypochondriac region
• Right lumbar region
• Umbilical region
• Left lumbar region
• Right iliac (inguinal) region
• Hypogastiric (pubic) region
• Left iliac (inguinal) region

Name the 2 cavities located in the Dorsal body cavity.

• Cranial cavity (contains brain)
• Vertebral cavity (contains spinal cord)

Name the 2 major subdivisions of the Ventral body cavity.

• Thoracic cavity - surrounded by the ribs and muscle of the chest
• Abdominoplelvic cavity - inferior cavity seperated by the diaphragm

Which body cavity contains the heart and lungs?

• Thoracic

The liver is located in which adbominoplevic region?

• Right hypochondriac region

The gallbladder is locate in which adbominoplevic region?

• Right hypochondriac region

The ascending colon of the large intestine is locate in which adbominoplevic region?

• Right lumbar region

The appedix is locate in which adbominoplevic region?

• Right iliac (inguinal) region

The stomach is locate in which adbominoplevic region?

• Epigastic region

The transverse colon of large intestine is locate in which adbominoplevic region?

• Umbilical region

The urinary bladder is locate in which adbominoplevic region?

• Hypogastic (pubic) region

The diaphragm and sleen are locate in which adbominoplevic region?

• Left hypochondriac region

The descending colon of large intestine is locate in which adbominoplevic region?

• Left lumbar region

The initial part of sigmoid colon is locate in which adbominoplevic region?

• Left iliac (inguinal) region

Bones and cartilages are part of the ___________ system

• Skeletal system

The nasal cavity, lungs, and trachea are __________ system organs.

• Respiratory

_____________ is a term that encompasses all the chemical reaction that occur in the body cells.

• Metabolism