What is the function of the cellular structure indicated by "c" in Figure 3.2?

provide shape attach to surfaces and protect from dehydration

Which of the following have a periplasmic space?

Gram negative bacteria only

Which of the following prokaryotic cells contain an outer membrane?

Gram negative bacteria only

What is the function of the cellular structure indicated by "p" in figure 3-3?

ATP synthesis

Viruses are generally measured in ?

Nanometers

Which of the following is an INCORRECT pairing?

numerical aperture; curved glass

The ability of a lens to gather light is referred to as its

numerical apertue

Which of the following are magnifying lenses?

both objective and the ocular

If you were trying to visualize flagella without staining, which microscope would you use?

Phase Contrast

Why does immersion oil improve resolution?

It increases numerical aperture and maintains a uniform light speed

You are shown a micrograph from a light microscope in which the specimens appear bright compared to the background. The micrograph is probably from an ______ microscope.

Dark field

The microscope preferred for viewing living specimens is the _____ microscope.

phase-contrast

Which of the following is NOT associated with an electron microscope?

a prism

All of the following are types of light microscopes EXCEPT

scanning tunneling

Which of the following microscopes produces the highest resolution images?

atomic force

If a microbiology lab student left the safranin out of the Gram stain procedure, what would be the result?

Gram positive cells would be purple and Gram negative cells would be colorless

All of the following are common to both the Gram stain and the acid-fast stain EXCEPT

a chemical mordant

Safrainin dye is used as the counterstain in ______ stains.

Both gram stain and endospore

Heat is used to drive the stain into cells in the ____ staining procedures.

both acid-fast and endospore stains

Carbolfuchsin is the ____ in the acid fast stain.

primary stain

A sample is prepared using osminum tetroxide as a stain. This sample has been prepared for an _____ microscope.

electron

The kingdoms included in the Linnaeus system of classification are

Animalia and Plantae

The rules of naming organisms are called

nomencalture

Species and strains of microbes can be distinguished from one another phenotypically using

serological tests

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a genus name?

It is usually an adjective

Carl Woese proposed the concept of the domain based on differences of which of the following cellular molecules?

ribosomal RNA

Which of the following classification methods relies on the morphology of organisms?

physical (phenotypic) characteristics

A cell's G + C ratio is associated with which of the following classification methods?

analysis of nucleic acids

Viruses are not included in the taxonomic scheme proposed by Carl Woese because they lack?

Ribosomal RNA

Why have some microbiologist proposed using ribosomal RNA as the basis for defining bacterial species?

Bacteria are not interbreeding populations, and ribosomal RNAs are highly conserved genes present in all prokaryotes

Which of the following phenomena produces magnification?

the refraction of radiation as it passes through a lens

A virologist wants to observe the surface features of virus particles she is studying. Which of the following microscopes would NOT be useful for her observation?

differential interference contrast

A structure that appears in a transmission electron micrograph but is NOT actually present in the specimen is known as a ____

artifact

Which of the following statements about transmission electron microscopy is FALSE?

Glass lenses are used

Acidic Dyes ___

are negatively charged and work best at low pH

A thin film of microbes on a slide is a ____

smear

The Gram stain works because of differences in the _____ of bacteria.

Cell walls

the primary goal of modern taxonomists is to

understand the phylogenetic relationships between organisms

Why are modern light microscopes better than the ones Leeuwenhoek used?

modern microscopes have a fivefold better resolution

In the Gram stain procedure, iodine serves as a

mordant

What role does safranin play in the Gram stain procedure?

counterstain

In Gram staining ethanol-acetone is used as a

decolorizing agent

A sample from a patient is prepared using the Gomori methenamine silver stain. What type of microbe is suspected of being present?

Fungus

Tungsten is a reagent used in the

electron microscopy stain

The ____ stain is one in which eosin is used

negative

Tannic acid is a mordant (chemical fictive) used in the ____ stain.

flagellar

Methylene blue can be used to stain DNA because it

forms ionic bonds with DNA

The _____ stain makes use of malachite green.

endospore

The most appropriate unit of measurement for intact archaea is the

micrometer

The limits of resolution of atomic force microscopes are in the range of

nanometers

the size of a port tapeworm is generally described in terms of

meters(m)

A measurement of a mcirobe is reported as 1 x 10 -6m, also known as

micrometers (um)

One-thousandths of a meter is a

millimeter (mm)

Bacteria and many other microbes do not ______ and therefore do not fit Linneaus' definition species

reproduce sexually