Restraint

any manual method, physical or mechanical device, material, or equipment that immobilizes or reduces the ability of a patient to move his or her arms, legs, body, or head freely.

Edema

the accumulation of fluid appears as localized swelling

Asepsis

the absensce of pathogenic microorganisms

Surgical asepsis

sterile technique prevents contamination of an open wound and serves to isolate the operative area from the unsterile environment, maintains a sterile field for surgery

Medical asepsis

clean technique that reduces the number of organisms present and preventing the transfer of organisms

Symptomatic

when the pathogen multiplies and causes clinical signs and symptoms

self-concept

individuals view of self

self-esteem

individuals overall feeling of self-worth or the emotional appraisal of self-concept

body image

attitude related to the body, including physical appearance, structure, or function

activities of daily living

basic tasks of everyday life such as eating, dressing, toileting, bathing

activity intolerance

type and amount of exercise or activity that the patient is able to perform

range of motion

mobility

perineal care

cleaning patients genital and anal area

complete bed bath

bath administered to totally dependent patient in bed

atelectasis

a collapse of the alveoli that prevents normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

diaphragmatic breathing

encourages deep inspirations

hypoxia

inadequate tissue oxygenation at the cellular level

dyspnea

clinical sign of hypoxia. it is the subjective sensation of difficult or uncomfortable breathing

orthopnea

abnormal condition where a patient uses multiple pillows when reclining to breathe easier or sits leaning forward with arms elevated

CPAP

continuous positive airway pressure. ventilatory support used to treat patients with obstructive sleep apnea, heart failure, and preterm infants with underdeveloped lungs

biPAP

bi-level positive airway presure. uses both inhalative pressure and exhalitive pressure

incentive spirometry

encourages voluntary deep breathing by providing visual feedback

pursed-lip breathing

involves deep inspiration and prolonged expiration through pursed lips to prevent alveolar collapse

insomnia

chronic difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings from sleep, and or a short sleep or non-restorative sleep

narcolepsy

a dysfunction of mechanisms that regulate sleep and wake states

REM

rapid eye movement sleep. this is the phase of sleep at the end of sleep cycle

NREM

non rapid eye movement sleep. this is the first four stages of sleep

sleep apnea

disorder characterized by the lack of airflow through the nose and mouth for periods of 10 seconds or longer during sleep

sleep deprivation

a problem people face as a result of not sleeping

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

diuresis

urine formation

oliguria

decreased urine output despite normal intake

colostomy

surgical opening created in the colon

stoma

temporary or permanent artificial opening in the abdominal wall

ileostomy

surgical opening created in the ileum

impaction

results from unrelieved constipation. it is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel.

incontinence

the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus