What three things make up the pelvic girdle?

Ilium, Ischium, Pubis

made up of to coxae (hip or innominate bones)

What three things form the pelvis?

sacrum, coccyx, and pelvic girdle

what does the femoral head of the femur articulate with?

acetabulum

Fovea Capitis Properties

Depression in the femoral head

what part of the femur is a frequent location for fractures?

femoral neck

Greater trochanter

Lesser trochanter

Intertrochanteric crest (posterior)

Linea aspera

adductor tubercle

Medial & Lateral condyles

Medial & Lateral epicondyles

patella

Tibia

Tibial plateau

Medial & lateral condyles of tibia

tibial tuberosity

pes anserine

gerdy's tubercle

medial malleolus

Fibula

head of fibula

lateral malleolus

Meniscus is composed of what

-Semilunar cartilages

-medial- "C shaped"

-lateral- "O shaped"

-only 3-5mm thick on average

Functions of the meniscus

absorbs shock/jolts

improve stability of tibiofemoral joint

-deepens the condylar surface

Which part of the meniscus is more firmly attached?

the medial meniscus is more firmly attached than the lateral

meniscotibial (coronary) ligaments

?

Why do lesions occur?

it is a result of femoral rotation with foot planted (fixed tibia)

With a cross-sectional appearance, menisci are wedged shaped and have three zones. What are they?

red zone (highly vascular)

red-white zone (mild vascularity)

white zone (avascular)

What are the three types of knee alignments?

genu varum "bow legged"

genu valgum "knock knees"

genu recurvatum "hyperextension"

What are the 7 tarsal bones?

Talus

Calcaneus

Navicular

Cuboid

Lateral, intermediate & medial cuneiforms

Talus

Calcaneus

Navicular

Cuboid

Lateral cuneiform

intermediate cuneiform

medial cuneiform

1st-5th metatarsals

Distal phalanx of great toe

Proximal phalanx of great toe

middle phalanx of second toe

Two landmarks found on the calcaneus?

sustentaculum tali- medial

peroneal tubercle- lateral

navicular tubercle

5th metatarsal styloid process

Sesamoid bones in foot

Femur Properties

Longest & strongest bone in the body

Landmarks of the proximal femur

-Femoral head

-Fovea capitis

-Femoral neck

-Greater trochanter

-Lesser trochanter

-Intertrochanteric crest

Attachment site for fovea capitis

Ligamentum Teres

Fovea capitis

Landmarks of the distal femur

-linea aspera

-adductor tubercle

-medial & lateral epicondyles

-medial & lateral condyles

What do the medial and lateral condyles of the femur articulate with

Tibia

Advantages of a sesamoid bone ("free-floating")

Improves leverage of quadriceps and their ability to extend knee

what is the patella embedded in

Within the quadriceps and patellar tendon

Kansas patella fracture, how did it occur?

the rectus femurs tendon and patellar tendon tore causing the patella to shatter

Proximal end of tibia expands into

-Tibial Plateau

-Medial and lateral condyles

-Tibial tuberosity

-Pes anserine

-Gerdy's tubercle

Distal end of tibia forms into

medial malleolus

Insertion site of quadriceps

Tibial tuberosity

Limited weight-bearing during movement

Lateral Malleolus Property

What 3 muscles insert at the pes anserine

-sartorius

-gracilis

-semitendinous

What band inserts at the Gerdy's tubercle?

Iliotibial band (IT)

Intertrochanteric line (anterior)

Red Zone

red-white zone

White zone

Patellar Tendon properties

continuation of the quadriceps tendon

tibia and fibula articulates with what bone

talus

Largest tarsal bone

Calcaneus (heel)

-weight bearing bone

Navicular location

medial

Cuboid location

lateral

Property of the metatarsals

form the arches of foot with ligamentous and muscular support

Property of the phalanges

-each toe has has 3 phalanges (proximal, middle, distal) except big toe/first digit

-first digit only has a proximal and distal phalanx

sustentaculum tali- medial

peroneal tubercle- lateral