Which of the following is true?

A. Once it is established in a population, a new mutation will always increase in frequency over time.

B. Once it is established in a population, a new mutation will always disappear rapidly.

C. Once it is established in a population, a new mutation may increase or decrease in frequency depending on the environment.

D. Once it is established in a population, a new mutation will always decrease in frequency over time.

C. Once it is established in a population, a new mutation may increase or decrease in frequency depending on the environment.

You are infected with an antibiotic-resistant strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Where did you most likely contract it?

A. Hospital

B. Grocery store

C. School

D. Restaurant

A. Hospital

Which of the following is true?

A. Current research indicates that medians are similar to islands when comparing the diversity of plants, but not of animals.

B. Current research indicates that medians are not similar to islands when comparing the diversity of animals or plants.

C. Current research indicates that medians are similar to islands when comparing the diversity of animals, but not of plants.

D. Current research indicates that medians are similar to islands when comparing the diversity of animals and plants.

B. Current research indicates that medians are not similar to islands when comparing the diversity of animals or plants.

Natural selection ultimately depends on favorable what?

A. Food availability

B. Climate

C. Mutations

D. Environmental conditions

C. Mutations

You discover that a company illegaly dumped old vats of PCBs into a nearby river. What do you expect to see?

A. All of the fish will die.

B. Fish with deformities.

C. All of the fish will leave the area.

D. No change in the fish.

B. Fish with deformities.

Which type of selection tends to increase genetic variation?

A. Disruptive selection

B. Directional selection

C. Stabilizing selection

A. Disruptive selection

In a bell-shaped curve, the x-axis (horizontal direction) of the graph represents which of the following?

A. Time

B. The value of a particular characteristic; characteristics of an organism can include such traits as size and color.

C. The number of individuals

B. The value of a particular characteristic; characteristics of an organism can include such traits as size and color.

True or false? Heterozygote advantage refers to the tendency for heterozygous individuals to have better fitness than homozygous individuals. This higher fitness results in less genetic variation in the population.

True

False

False

Long necks make it easier for giraffes to reach leaves high on trees, while also making them better fighters in "neck wrestling" contests. In both cases, which kind of selection appears to have made giraffes the long-necked creatures they are today?

A. Directional selection

B. Disruptive selection

C. Stabilizing selection

A. Directional selection

Women often have complications during labor while giving birth to very large babies, whereas very small babies tend to be underdeveloped. Which kind of selection is most likely at work regarding the birth weight of babies?

A. Directional selection

B. Stabilizing selection

C. Disruptive selection

B. Stabilizing selection

Black-bellied seedcrackers have either small beaks (better for eating soft seeds) or large beaks (better for hard seeds). There are no seeds of intermediate hardness; therefore, which kind of selection acts on beak size in seedcrackers?

A. Stabilizing selection

B. Directional selection

C. Disruptive selection

C. Disruptive selection

Small Aristelliger lizards have difficulty defending territories, but large lizards are more likely to be preyed upon by owls. Which kind of selection acts on the adult body size of these lizards?

A. Disruptive selection

B. Directional selection

C. Stabilizing selection

C. Stabilizing selection

What is unique about deer mice?

A. They are the only mice that hibernate.

B. They are the most populous mouse found in North America.

C. They are the only mice that reproduce three times per year.

D. They are the only mice found in one distinct color.

B. They are the most populous mouse found in North America.

For this project, which of the following are scientists studying?

A. Wild mice

B. Lab mice

C.Genetically-engineered mice

D. Lab and wild mice

A. Wild mice

You wish to research how genetics determine color of deer mice. How many genes should you focus on?

A. 1

B. 3

C. 5

D. 7

A. 1

The three-spine stickleback typically lacks armor in fresh water. Why?

A. It doesn't need the protection.

B. To allow for faster growth.

C. The armor hinders its hunting.

D. Due to delayed development.

B. To allow for faster growth.

Which of the following is true?

A. Genotype and phenotype are not related.

B. Genotype and phenotype are the same thing.

C. Phenotype determines genotype.

D. Genotype determines phenotype.

D. Genotype determines phenotype.

The wing of a bat is homologous to the _____ of a whale.tailblowholebaleenrib cage

E. flipper

E. flipper

Which of these lists contains the four postulates of natural selection?Uniform population, heritable traits, selection, differential survival or reproductionVariation in population, environmental variation, selection, differential survival or reproductionVariation in population, heritable variation, selection, unlimited survival and reproduction

D. Variation in population, heritable variation, selection, differential survival or reproduction

D. Variation in population, heritable variation, selection, differential survival or reproduction

Which of the following statements is an accurate combination of postulates 1 and 2 of natural selection?Environmental variation exists for traits among individuals in a population.Heritable variation does not exist among individuals in a population.Drug resistance exists among all individuals in a population.

D. Heritable variation exists for traits among individuals in a population.

D. Heritable variation exists for traits among individuals in a population.

Which of the following statements is an accurate combination of postulates 3 and 4 of natural selection?Individuals experience uniform success in their ability to survive or reproduce.Individuals experience no success in their ability to survive or reproduce.Individuals experience unlimited success in their ability to survive or reproduce.

D. Individuals experience differential success in their ability to survive or reproduce.

D. Individuals experience differential success in their ability to survive or reproduce.

Does the ability of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell to infect a new host depend on its drug-resistant phenotype?

A. No, drug-susceptible cells and drug-resistant cells are equally likely to infect a new host.

B. Yes, drug-susceptible cells can infect a new host more easily than drug-resistant cells.

C. Yes, drug-resistant cells can infect a new host more easily than drug-susceptible cells.

A. No, drug-susceptible cells and drug-resistant cells are equally likely to infect a new host.

Which of the following statements describes the evolution by natural selection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria in their new environment?The drug-susceptiblity trait is an adaptation to the environment in which human hosts are medicated with the antibiotic rifampin.The drug-resistance trait is an adaptation to the environment in which human hosts travel worldwide and are exposed to new strains of bacteria.

C. The drug-resistance trait is an adaptation to the environment in which human hosts are medicated with the antibiotic rifampin.

C. The drug-resistance trait is an adaptation to the environment in which human hosts are medicated with the antibiotic rifampin.

In the United States today, about half of the corn crop is genetically engineered with a protein that is toxic to corn borers, an insect pest of corn. Which of the following conditions would be necessary for evolution of resistance to the toxic protein to occur in the corn borer?The corn borer must lack variation in resistance to the toxic protein.The corn borers must experience unlimited success in their ability to survive or reproduce.The corn borer must have or generate (by mutation) heritable variation in resistance to the toxic protein.

C. The resistant corn borers must survive better or reproduce more than nonresistant corn borers.

C. The resistant corn borers must survive better or reproduce more than nonresistant corn borers.

True or false? It would be difficult to assess whether the drug-susceptible or drug-resistant phenotype in a population of Mycobacterium tuberculosiswas more fit in an environment without antibiotics.

True

False

True