when blood leaves the heart, it first enters where?

into the arteries

the artrioventricular valves are closed when....

when pressure is too high then, the ventricles contract.

fluid that escapes from circulatory system due to high pressure is referred to as?

interstitial fluid

arterioles and arteries which one has more smooth muscle?

arteries

following a heart attack, the damaged heart muscle is difficult to repair because?

the body cannot replace cardiac muscle tissue making the damage permanent.

the fibrous sac that surrounds the heart and produces lubricant for heart contraction is the?

serous pericardium

surgical removal of the sinoatrial node would most likely result in?

needing a pacemaker

indirect exchange of nutrients and gases between blood and tissues is the primary function of?

capillaries

the left ventricle has a more muscular wall than the other three chambers of the heart because the left ventricle must?

because it must generate enough force and blood pressure to pump blood into the aorta

the aortic semilunar valve opens when?

when there is pressure in the aorta and pulmonary trunk

after blood flows through the right atrium of the heart, its next major destination is the?

through the tricuspid valve

what blood vessels transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

the superior, the inferior vena cava, the pulmonary artery, the pulmonary vein, and the aorta

know what makes up the systemic circuit

its the part of the circulatory system in which the blood leaves the heart, services the body's cells and then reenters the heart.

dexoygenated blood always flows towards...

the arteries. ( away from the heart)

blood pressure in veins is lower than arteries and a series of __________are neccessary to prevent backflow of blood

valves

blood pumped from the right ventricle is_____and enters the _______

deoxygenated lungs

electrical impulses that stimulate contraction of heart muscles are initiated in the?

the brain

artherosclerosis is a condition that results in a thickening of arterial walls due to build up of fatty deposits containing?

plaque

the sinoatrial node regulates?

the rate and rhythm of the heart know as the pacemaker of the heart

an electrocardiogram is used to?

check for problems with the electrical activity of the heart.

blood pressure is highest in the?

systolic pressure

what risk factors for atherosclerosis include factors that can raise the levels of blood cholesterol

eating fatty foods, not exercising, high blood pressure high cholesterol.

(plaque builds up in the arteries which consist of fats, cholesterol, calcium, and other stuff found in the blood. )

what condition is typically treated by cardioversion?

irregular heart rhythms

cardiac output can be calculated by?

multiply heart rate by stroke volume

what do baroreceptors regulate?

blood pressure.

when the force of blood on the walls of blood vessels drop below normal, the condition is referred to as?

hypotension

where in the body is the regulation of cardiac output centered?

the area of the brain called the medulla oblongata

what part of the brain regulates heart activity?

medulla oblongata

what is an angiogram?

an xray photograph of blood or lymph vessels.

symptoms of a heart attack...

chest pain, a sense of tightness or pressure on the chest making it hard to breath, pain in left arm, also nausea, and jaw and back pain.

what happens when someone has congestive heart failure?

the high capillary blood pressure causes more fluid than usual to filter out of the capillaries and into the interstitual space causing the build up of interstitual fluid.

what are several factors known to increase the risk of a heart attack?

smoking, a lack of exercise, obesity and chronic stress