A process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, to retard organic decomposition, and to restore an acceptable physical appearance is:

a. embalming

The irreversible cessation of all vital functions is:

a. death

Those changes occurring in the interval prior to somatic death are:

d. antemortem

A sharp cutting instrument used for making incisions is the:

b. scalpel

That consideration given to the dead body, prior to, during and after the embalming procedure is complete is:

c. case analysis

An imaginary line drawn on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some deeper underlying structure is the:

b. linear guide

Injection and drainage from one location is called:

c. one point injection

Chemicals which inactivate saprophytic bacteria are called:

c. preservative

The movement of embalming solutions from the point of injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries is called:

d. distribution

This embalming method consists of injecting a few ounces of arterial chemical, stopping injection, then draining for a few minutes, and then repeating the process:

a. alternate

This is a term used to refer to the after-death examination of the organs and tissues of a body to determine cause of death or pathological conditions:

d. postmortem

Any abnormal color appearing in or upon the human body is called:

d. discoloration

A needle injector is used for this purpose:

a. mouth closure

Content normally aspirated from the stomach:

a. hydrochloric acid

When death has been due to pneumonia, an embalmer should expect:

c. thoracic congestion and increased blood viscosity

The Formaldehyde Standard for short-term exposure to formaldehyde is:

b. 2 ppm/15 minutes

Signs of death exhibited by the eyes of the deceased include:

1. clouding of the cornea and flattening of the eyeball

2. loss of luster of the conjuctiva

3. pupil dilation and non-response to light

4. discoloration of the iris

a. 1, 2, and 3

Another name for pleural effusion is:

c. hydrothorax

Proteolysis refers to decomposition of:

b. proteins

Which of the following conditions would require special attention during thoracic cavity embalming?

1. hydrothorax

2. ascites

3. hydropericardium

4. hydroperiteneum

b. 1 and 3

Discoloration resulting when formaldehyde reacts with hemoglobin in he tissues is called:

c. formaldehyde grey

Severe generalized edema is known as:

a. anasarca

Escape of blood serum from an intravascular to an extravascular location immediately before death is:

c. agonal edema

Low index fluids used to inhibit bilirubin from turning to biliverdin are known as:

b. jaundice fluids

Chemicals that create an increased capability for embalmed tissues to retain their moisture are called:

a. humectants

How many ounces of formaldehyde are contained in a 16-ounce bottle of 25 index arterial fluid?

b. 4 ounces

The care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color is the definition of:

c. restorative art

The zygomatic process is a feature of the following bones:

c. temporal

Which one of the following is a bone of the face?

d. zygomatic

The large muscle which covers the top and sides of the skull from occipital bone to eyebrows:

d. occipitofrontalis

A crevice in the skin accompanied by adjacent elevation:

b. furrow

The vertex of the cranium and the base of the chin are examples of:

d. imaginary horizontal lines

This is of value to the restorative artist associated with the three-quarter view photograph for restorative art purposes:

b. reveals the degree of the fullness of the cheeks

Which one of the following is one of the basic linear forms of facial profiles?

oval, round, vertical, convex-concave

c. vertical

The comparison of the two sides of the face to observe the similarities and differences is referred to as:

a. bilateral

Which one of the following is a means of softening wax to alter the wax consistency for restorative art procedures?

c. mixing with cream cosmetics

Which of the following are generally involved in positioning of the ear?

1. zygomatic arch

2. mandibular fossa

3. mental protuberance

4. external auditory meatus

b. 1, 2, and 4

A general profile classification for the nose from the root to the tip?

c. grecian

A type of prognathism:

d. maxillary

The eyelids in natural repose:

a. abut, do not overlap

The use of an oxidizing chemical to remove stain or discoloration is called:

d. bleaching

The original scientific standard of color is:

b. the spectrum

One of the pigment cosmetics necessary to match all skin colors:

d. yellow

Facial restoration is required due to trauma. Accurate dimensions for facial restoration can be established by means of:

1. a photograph

2. classic proportion

3. supplemental equalities

4. mathematical calculations

b. 1, 2, and 4

The width of the face is proportionally equal to the distance between the base of the nose and the:

a. normal hairline

A substance that would remove nicotine stains:

d. lemon juice

This anatomical structure cannot be used for accurate location of the ear:

c. supraorbital margins

The hue sequence pink, rose, cherry is indicative of read that has been:

b. tinted

This condition requiring restorative art is classified as traumatic:

c. laceration

A characteristic of first degree burns is:

a. redness

The tiny prominence on the midline of the superior mucous membrane is the:

d. medial lobe

The determinative pigment of all races is:

b. melanin

Complementary hues found on the color wheel in this position:

c. opposite each other

The hand may be restored if missing or completely mutilated by:

a. making a plaster cast

The best method of repair for a dehydrated hand is:

a. hypodermic injection of tissue builder

The method of affixing hair depends upon:

c. length

Major or minor restoration can be:

b. legally described as mutilation

The general procedure for effective hypodermic tissue building is:

c. directing needle to the most distant part

In order to begin the modeling of a mutilated or destroyed eye, one must:

c. start with the margins of the eye socket

To restore a traumatized or missing forearm:

c. reattach by drilling through bones and wiring

The most hazardous chemical to mix with a bleach solution is:

d. ammonia

Which one of the following is one of the geometric head forms (frontal view)?

oval, convex, vertical, concave

a. oval

In positioning the body, the face should be tilted approximately this many degree to the right:

c. 15

A pacemaker should be removed if the body is going to be:

b. cremated

A type of plastic undergarment:

a. unionalls

When preparing the deceased for visual identification which of the following tasks is included:

b. setting features

A religion that may require special burial garments and the deceased to be dressed by members of the church:

d. latter day saints

Re-aspirating of the body may become necessary in which of the following circumstances:

b. during an extended visitation period

Personal effects and clothing of the deceased are best accounted for by using a/an:

c. personal effects form

A line drawn or visualized on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some more deeply lying structure is the:

a. linear guide

The two divisions of the skeleton are:

d. axial and appendicular

the study of the circulatory system is also known as:

b. angiology

The galea aponeurotica is the tendon of which one of the following muscles:

c. occipitofrontalis

The artery which supplies arterial solution directly into the thumb side of the hands is the:

c. radial

an artery raised to inject the upper extremity below the cubital fossa:

a. radial

This muscle is found in the lower extremity:

b. sartorius

These bones are located within the cranium:

b. temporal

These bones are located within the bones of the face:

d. maxilla

The buccinator muscle is also referred to as the:

b. trumpeters muscle

The anatomical guide that lies lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle describes the:

b. ulnar artery

A liquid containing a dissolved substance or substances is a(n):

d. solution

When used in arterial formulations eonsine, ponceau red, and erythrosine are examples of:

a. dyes

A substance that prevents infection by killing bacteria is classified as a:

d. disinfectant

The number of oxygen atoms in the formula 2Al(OH)3 is:

d. 6

A 40% by volume solution of formaldehyde is called:

c. formalin

The chemical group that makes an alcohol molecule soluble in water and useful to the embalmer is:

b. -OH

According to OSHA, the proper way to neutralize a formaldehyde spill is to:

a. add ammonia, then wipe up

Formaldehyde is an ingredient of embalming fluid used to:

b. preserve tissue

An amine produced during putrefaction is:

c. putrescine

Formaldehyde in a powder form is also known as:

d. paraformaldehyde

A substance that is capable of bringing about a reduction in a surface tension of a fluid is:

a. a surfactant

Which of the following are properties of formaldehyde?

1. It is a colorless gas.

2. It is quite soluble in water

3. It combines with water to form methylene glycol

4. It is easily oxidized to form acetic acid

a. 1, 2, and 3

Formaldehyde reacts with ammonia to form:

c. urotropin

In comparing cavity fluid to arterial fluid, the cavity fluid will have:

b. no active dyes

Polymerization of formaldehyde is inhibited by the addition of:

b. methyl alcohol

Reodorants are used in embalming fluids as:

b. masking agents

Phenol is used in embalming fluids as a:

a. preservative

Sodium citrate is used in embalming fluids as a(n):

c. anticoagulant

Deterioration or impairment of an organ is called:

d. degeneration

Deformity, abnormal shape or structure, especially a congenital abnormality is a(n):

d. malformation

Tissue reaction to injury is called:

c. inflammation

A local or generalized condition in which the body tissues contain an excessive amount of tissue fluid is called:

a. edema

A new and abnormal formation of tissue or growth is a(n):

b. neoplasm

Increase in number of leukocytes (above 10,000 per cu. mm) in blood, and generally caused by the presence of infection and usually transient is called:

d. leukocytosis

Inflammation of the lining membrane of the heart is called:

c. endocarditis

Diminished amount of urine formation is called:

c. oliguria

A loss of function, either partial or complete, as that resulting from a blow or fall is termed a:

c. concussion

Inflammation of the testis due to trauma, metastasis, mumps, or infection elsewhere in the body is called:

a. orchitis

A disease that begins before birth and is evident at the time of birth is referred to as:

d. congenital

An inflammatory condition related to the nervous system is:

a. general paresis

A malignant tumor derived principally from connective tissue is a:

a. sarcoma

Which of the following conditions would be caused by a thrombus as evidence during embalming?

1. diminished distribution

2. edema

3. intravascular resistane

. atrophy

b. 1 and 3

Bacteria typically reproduce by a process called:

d. binary fission

A substance that induces the formation of antibodies that interact specifically with it is a(n):

a. antigen

A minute organism not visible with an ordinary light microscope is a:

a. virus

The causative organism in amebic dysentery:

c. entamoeba histolytica

Viruses are unaffected by the action of:

b. antibiotics

An organism that feeds on dead organic matter only is a:

d. strict saprophyte

Rickettsia rickettsii is:

1. a tick-borne disease

2. a flea-borne disease

3. ROcky Mountain Spotted Fever

4. inclusion conjunctivitis

b. 1 and 3

Which of the following are true of malignant neoplasms?

1. resembles the tissue of origin

2. grows by infiltration

3. causes tissue damage

4. grows by expansion

c. 2 and 3

Pneumococci usually leaves the body through the:

d. nose and mouth

A factor that indicates the use of a MORE dilute arterial solution is

emaciation

In a case involving death from uremia,

the ammonia reacts with formaldehyde.

Rigor mortis and algor mortis are similar in that both are

postmortem conditions

How many ounces of 32-index fluid are needed to make 2 gallons of a 2% fluid dilution?

16

The settling of the blood to dependent portions of the body is called

hypostasis

The direction of eyebrow hair growth is laterally

upward and outward

The width of the nose at its base is equal to the width of the

eye

Which of the following sutures would best be employed for an abdominal puncture wound?

purse string

In posing the eyes, the eyelids should meet at the

inferior third of the orbit

Hypodermic tissue building may be performed as a postembalming treatment for

emaciation

Bacteria that can grow in the absence or presence of free oxygen are known as

facultative

Which superficial dermatomycosis increases when associated with AIDS?

candidiasis

An important factor in any consideration of the mode of action of antimicrobial compounds is

selective toxicity

Pathogenic microbes are most virulent

when first emitted from the body

Wearing protective clothing and exercising Universal Precautions while removing the deceased from the place of death:

I. provides an effective barrier to portals of entry.
II. eliminates the virulence of pathogens.
III. reduces the number of microorganisms present.
IV. is required by OSHA’s bloodborne pathogen rule.

I and IV only

Which of the following is the first in the organs to decompose?

lining of trachea

A benign neoplasm found in blood vessels is a

hemangioma.

Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart is called

pericarditis

Which of the following frequently results from long-term, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?

atherosclerosis

Which of the following conditions would be caused by a thrombus as evidenced during embalming?

I. diminished distribution
II. edema
III. intravascular resistance
IV. atrophy

I and III only

Extremely hard water should NOT be used in diluting embalming fluid because it

results in blood coagulation.

Chemicals that have the capability of displacing unpleasant odors are

deodorants

Which of the following is characteristic of a jaundice fluid?

low formaldehyde content

To facilitate the penetration of preservatives during surface embalming, the surface gels may contain

sodium lauryl sulfate.

The recommended initial 3% dilution of a 20-Index standard arterial chemical used to embalm an edematous body would be which of the following?

19 oz of arterial to 109 oz of water

Which of the following lists the vessels in order going from the aorta towards the upper extremity?

I. axillary
II. brachiocephalic
III. brachial
IV. subclavian

II, IV, I, III

brachiocephalic, subclavian, axillary, brachial

The external iliac artery lies along the medial border of which of the following muscles?

psoas major

In relation to the lungs, the heart is

medial

Blood flow to the arm and hand will reach the following arteries in what order?

I. brachial
II. axillary
III. radial
IV. deep palmar arch

II, I, III, IV

axillary, brachial, radial, palmer's arch

When using the 9-region method for cavity embalming, the cecum is located in which of the following regions?

right inguinal