A sporophyte is

diploid

True or False. Gymnosperms reproductive strategies include the process of double fertilization.

False

True or False. Sympatric speciation is the most common form of speciation.

False

Which of the following is true of all horizontally oriented phylogenetic trees, where time advances to the right?

The common ancestor represented by the rightmost branch point existed more recently in time than the common ancestors represented at branch points located to the left.

In seed plants, the male gametophyte develops into a _______________.

pollen grain

You are at Home Depot shopping for angiosperms for your new flower garden. You are interested in getting the biggest bang for your buck, and want to purchase plant species that will survive and bloom year after year. Specifically, you want to purchase__________.

perennials

Which statement about bacterial cells walls is FALSE?

bacterial cell walls lack peptidogylcan

Below is a drawing of a flower with indicator lines for selected anatomical features. Correctly match the flower parts identified by the lines in the drawing with the list of names of flower structures given in A-E below. (hint: only one answer correctly identifies all 4 structures)

petal, anther, stigma, ovary

The seed coat's most important function is to provide

desiccation resistance

Which of the following is an important source of endotoxin in gram-negative species?

cell wall

Conjugation is a form of bacterial recombination where

A. one-way transfer of DNA occurs between two bacteria

B. DNA is transferred via a mating bridge

C. the merger of this genetic material creates a novel genome

D. all of the above

E. none of the above

all of the above

The Revolution of Molecular Phylogenetics has allowed the scientific community to____________.

A.give us new information about phylogenies that morphological studies cannot give

B. develop molecular clocks for organisms

C.enhance our understandings of little known traits that are not morphologically easy to identify

D. all of the above

E. none of the above

all of the above

Mitotic activity by the apical meristem of a stem makes which of the following possible?

A. primary growth.

B. decreased absorption of mineral nutrients.

C. increased absorption of CO2.

D. increased number of chloroplasts in roots.

E. effective lateral growth of the roots.

primary growth.

Which of the following metabolic types is found only in prokaryotes?

A. photoautotrophs

B. chemoheterotrophs

C. chemoautotrophs

D. autoheterotrophs

chemoautotrophs

Which one of the following characteristics do all fungi have in common?

A. meiosis in basidia

B. coenocytic hyphae

C. sexual life cycle

D. absorption of nutrients

E. symbioses with algae

absorption of nutrients

The best classification system is that which most closely

A. unites organisms that possess similar morphologies.

B. conforms to traditional, Linnaean taxonomic practices.

C. reflects evolutionary history.

D. reflects the basic separation of prokaryotes from eukaryotes.

reflects evolutionary history.

Which of the following statements correctly describes a portion of the pine life cycle?

A. Female gametophytes use mitosis to produce eggs

B. Seeds are produced in pollen-producing cones

C. Pollen grains contain female gametophytes

D. A pollen tube slowly digests its way through the triploid endosperm

Female gametophytes use mitosis to produce eggs

The sexual reproduction stage known as plasmogamy in fungi occurs when

A. spores produce structures

B. parental nuclei migrate are in the same cytoplasm

C. mitosis forms spores

D. fusion of the cytoplasm of 2 different mating types

E. fusion of the 2 parental nuclei

fusion of the cytoplasm of 2 different mating types

Which event during the evolution of land plants probably made the synthesis of secondary chemical compounds most beneficial?

the rise of herbivory

Which of the following is NOT a derived trait of all land plants?

A. Walled spores produced in sporangia

B. Multicellular gametangia

C. Alternation of generations

D. Apical meristems

E. Seeds

Seeds

The correct sequence, from the most to the least comprehensive, of taxonomic levels listed here is?

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species

If a seed is covered with spines or hooks, what is the most likely method of seed dispersal?

animal skin, fur, or feathers

In plants, which of the following are produced by meiosis?

haploid spores

Crimson Tide (neurotoxic shellfish poisoning) is caused by

dinoflagellates

A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. After observing its anatomy and life cycle, she notes the following characteristics: flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations with the sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to

ferns

In seedcracker finches from Cameroon, small- and large-billed birds specialize in cracking soft and hard seeds, respectively. If long-term climatic change resulted in all seeds becoming hard, what type of selection would then operate on the finch population?

directional selection

True or False. Plant growth is different from animal growth in that plant growth is determinant.

False

Land plants evolved from __________________________.

charophytes (green algae)

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of bacterial recombination?

mutation

Which famous scientist wrote the book On the Origin of Species?

Charles Darwin

Which of the following is a characteristic of all angiosperms?

double internal fertilization

The main way that pine trees disperse their offspring is by using __________.

windblown seeds

The strongest evidence for the endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotic organelles is the similarity between existing prokaryotes and which of the following?

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Which of the following statements best describes theories?

They are supported by, and make sense of, many observations.

Photoautotrophs use

light as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source.

Which of the following pairs are the best examples of homologous structures?

bones in the bat wing and bones in the human forelimb

Which free-living cells were the earliest contributors to the formation of Earth's oxidizing atmosphere?

cyanobacteria

Which of the following flower parts develops into the pulp of a fleshy fruit?

ovary

Genetic variation in bacterial populations CANNOT result from

meiosis

Which of the following is an ongoing trend in the evolution of land plants?

reduction of the gametophyte phase of the life cycle

Working from deep geologic strata toward shallow geologic strata, what is the correct sequence in which fossils of these groups should make their first appearance?

single-celled green algae, charophytes, bryophytes, plants with a dominant sporophyte

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that distinguishes prokaryotes from eukaryotes?

prokaryotes lack ribosomes

Among the species (labeled A-E) in the phylogenetic tree below, which two are most closely related?

C and D

The drawing below represents an unfertilized gymnosperm ovule. The ovule consists of the megaspore, integument, megasporangium, and the spore wall. Identify the megaspore in this drawing.

2 (area around seed for nutrients)

What does the biological species concept use as the primary criterion for determining species boundaries?

reproductive compatibility

Which of the following seedless plant possesses a dominant sporophyte stage in their life cycle?

Pterophyta (ferns)

Some molecular data place the giant panda in the bear family (Ursidae) but place the lesser panda in the raccoon family (Procyonidae). Consequently, the morphological similarities of these two species are probably due to

possession of analogous structures.

Plant development is controlled in three important ways. Which aspect below is NOT one of the ways in which plant development is controlled?

transduction

What is the only mechanism of microevolution that consistently causes adaptive evolution?

Natural Selection

Early land plants lacked

A. the photosynthetic pathway

B. flowers

C. vascular tissue

D. xylem

E. all of the above except A

F. none of the above

all of the above except A

Green algae differ from land plants in that many green algae

are unicellular.

What is the structure in angiosperms that is specialized for sexual reproduction?

flower