Intact skin and mucouse membranes ?

First line of defense

Inflammatory response

Second line of defense

Inflammatory response and skin and mucous membrane

innate defense system

immune response

third line of defense and adaptive defense system

Enables quick and efficient response to secondary exposure to antigen

Memory Cell

Absence results in no immune response

Helper T cell

Forms antibody producing cells

B Cell

Kills cancer cells and virus infected body cells

Cytotoxic T cell

Slows or stops the immune response

Regulatory T cell

Main antibody of both primary and secondary immune response.

IgG

Protects mucosal barriers.

IgA

Involved in allergies.

IgE

Along with IgM, this is a B cell receptor

IgD

First to peak during a primary immune response.

IgM

Which of the following is characteristic of antibodies?

Composed of heavy and light polypeptide chains.

Which of the following is associated with passive immunity?

Passage of IgG antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus

Which of the following is not a type of T cell?

Antigenic

B lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the

bone marrow

Which of the following is not a function of the inflammatory response?

replaced injured tissues with connective tissue

The redness and heat of an inflamed area are due to local hyperemia caused by

vasodilation

The antibody molecule is held together by -------- bonds.

disulfide

In clonal selection of B cells which substance is responsible for determining which cells will eventually become cloned?

antigen

Which of the following statements regarding Nk cells is a false or incorrect statement

Nk cells are a type of neutrophil

The process whereby neutrophils and other white blood cells are attached to an inflammatory site is called --------.

Chemotaxis

Small molecules that bind with self- proteins to produce antigenic substances are called -----------.

haptens

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in phagocytosis?

Chemotaxi, adherence, ingestion, digestion, killing

Which of the following is not a role of activated complement?

Prevention of immediate hypersensitivity reaction

Which of the following does not respond to cell- mediated immunity?

Pathogens in the lumen of the stomach

Which of the following cells predominate at the sites of chronic infections?

Macrophages

Interferons?

interfere with viral replication within cells

Which of the following determines what specific foreign substances our adaptive immune system will be able to recognize and resist?

our genes

Regulatory T cells?

May function in preventing autoimmune reaction.

Select the correct definition about tissue grafts.

Isografts are between identical twins

Which of the following statements does not describe antigens?

Antigens only come from microbes

Activated T cells and microphages release -------- to mobilize immune cells and attract other leukocytes into the area.

Cytokines

Which of the following is a part of the second line of defense against microorganisms?

phagocytes

Which of the following is characteristic of complete antigens?

reactivity with an antibody

B cells respond to the initial antigen challenge by

producing progeny cells that include plasma cells and memory cells

T- cell activation requires?

Antigen binding and co- stimulation

Cancer cels and virus infected body cells can be killed before activation of adaptive immunity by ---------.

Natural killer cells

Complete proteins and antibodies coat a microorganism and provide binding sites, enabling macrophages and neutrophils to phagocytize the organism. This phenomenon is termed --------.

opsonization

Which of the following is not characteristic of the adaptive immune system?

It is specific for a given organ.

Monoclonal antibodies are used for the diagnosis of all of the following except ------?

Juvenile diabetes

Which of the following would be classified as delayed hypersensitivity reaction?

Allergic contact dermatitis

Innate immunity defense system includes?

phagocytosis

Which of the following statements is incorrect or false?

Class II MHC molecules appear only on the surface of antigen presenting cells, thymic cells, and T cells that have been activated by exposure to antigens.

Phagocyte mobilization involves

mainly neutrophil and macrophage migrate into flamed areas

Fever

production is regulated by chemicals that reset the body's thermostat to a higher setting.

Immunocompetence ------.

is the ability of individual cells to recognize a specific antigen by binding to it.

Select the correct statement about active and passive immunity.

Active and passive humoral immunity are both mechanisms of adaptive immunity that use antibodies.

SElect the correct statement about the prevention of immune attack on self.

Tolerance is developed during fetal life.

Cytotoxic T cells

are the only T cells that can directly attack and kill other cells.

Helper T cells

function in the adaptive immune system activation.

Select the correct statement about immunodeficiency.

The causative agent in acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( AIDS) is a virus that recognizes CD4 proteins.

Which of the following is true of immediate hypersensitivities?

They involve IgE antibodies and the release of histamine from mast cells and basophils.

Delayed hypersensitivities

Include allergic contact dermatitis.

Natural killer cells ( NK) cells

can kill cancer cells before the immune system is activated

The primary immune response

has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cell.

SElect the correct statement about the function of antibodies.

compliment fixation is the main mechanism by which antibodies provide protection.

Which of the following cells is the most critical cell in immunity?

Helper T cells

Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease?

type II diabetes

Which of the following is not a mechanism for the development of autoimmune disorder?

A second exposure to an allergen

Antibody function include all of the following except

cross- linking cell- bonding antigens together so that they fall out of solution.

Which statement is true about T cells?

Their proliferation is enhanced by interleukins 1 and 2.

Which of the following is not a method by which antibodies work?

direct cell lysis

What is the role of interferon in defense against disease?

Protects cells that have not yet been infected by viruses

Which of the following statements is a false or incorrect statement?

After becoming immunocompetent the naive T cells and B cells are exposed to the bone marrow where the encounters with antigens occur. .

Which immunoglobulin class is attached to the external surface of B cells and acts as an antigen receptor of the B cell?

IgD