Protects and shapes the eyeball; provides a sturdy anchoring site for extrinsic eye muscle?

sclera

blood vessels supply nutrition to all eye layers

choroid

contains ony cones;provides detail color vision

fovea

lacks photoreceptors; were optic nerve exits the eye

optic disc

consist of a pigment layer and a neural layer

retina

acts as a reflexively activateddiaphragm to vay pupil size

Iris

the only tissue in the body that can be transplanted from one person to another with little or no rejection

cornea

controls lens shape

ciliary body

holds the retina firmly against the pigmented layer

posterior segment (vitreous humor)

fluid blockages cause glaucoma

anterior segment (aqueous humor)

the senory layer of the eye

retina

the structure most responsible for focusing light rays that enter the eye

lens

helps maintain the intraocular pressure; located in the anterior part of the eye

aqueous humor

area of greatest visual acuity

fovea centralis

another waor for earstones

otiliths

connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx

tympanic membrane

contains utricle and saccule

vestibule

detects linear acceleration

vestibule

a condition that can result from a defictioncy of vitamine A

night blindness

a condition of defness that mat result from otosclerosis

conduction deafness

an inflamation of the lining of the middle ear

otitis media

a condition often leading to blindness due to increased intraocular pressure

glaucoma

hair cells receptive changes in dynamic equilibrium are found in this structure

crista ampullaris

gustatory cells are found in this structure

taste buds

hair cells receptive to changes in static equilibrium are found in this structure

macula

the receptors of olfaction are found in this structure

olfactory epithelium

houses the spiral organ (of corti)

cochear duct

the receptor organ for hearing

spiral organ (of corti)

the central part of the bony layrinth

vestibule

a membrane that transmits sound vibartions to the auditory ossicles

tympanic membrane

loss of hearing resulting from prolonged exposure to high-intensity sounds

senorineural deafness

can result from the fusion of the auditory ossicles

conduction deafness

a possible side effect of medicationssuch as aspirin

tinnitus

one of the common results of otitis media

conduction deafness

can result from impacted cerumen

conduction deafness

what is the main function of the rodsin the eye

vision in dim light

what structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye

iris

receptors for hearing are located in the

cochlea

which of the following types of neurons are replaced throughout adult life

olfactory receptor cells

the oil component found in tears is produced by the

cilary gland

the receptor for static equilibrium is the

macula

farsightedness is moe properly called

hyperopia

seventy percent of all receptors are located in the

eye

which of the following structures is NOT part of the external ear

pharyngotympanic tube

nerve fibers from the medial aspect of each eye

cross over to the opposite side at the chiasma

why can corneas be transplanted with out tissue rection,unlike other tissues

has no blood supply

the oval window is connected directly to which passage way

scala vestibuli

there are three layer of neurons in the retina ,the axons of which of these neurons layers form the optic nerve

ganglion cells

the first way staytion in the visual pathway from the eye,after there has been partial cross over of the fibers in the optic chiasma,is the

lateral geniculate body of the thalumus

as sound levels increase in the increase in the spiral organ (of corti)

outer hair cells stiffen the basilar membrane

which of the following is true about gustatory recetors

complete adaptation occurs in about one to five minutes

tastes buds are not found

in filiform papillae

select the correct statement about olfaction

some of the sensation of olfaction if actually one of pain

what prevents the eyelids from sticking together when the eyes close

tarsal gland secretions

which of the following tase sensations is incorrectly matched to the chemicals that produce it
a.sour-acids
b.salty-medal ions
c.bitter-alkaloids
d.umani-amino acidsglutamate and lysine

umani-amino acidsglutamate and lysine

u.s. employees must wear hearing protection at ____________dB or above

90

what is a modiolus?

a bone pillar in the center of the cochlea

which statement od malnutrition-induced night blindness is most accurate
a.the most common cause is vitamine D deficiency
b.vitamine supplements can reversedenerative changes
c.visual pigment content is reduced in both rods and cones
d.the impaired vision is caused by reduced cone function

vitamine supplements can reversedenerative changes

dark adaptation

involves accumilation of rhodopsin

conscious perception of vision problably reflects activity in the

occipital lobe of the cortex

in the visual pathways of the brain,the optic radiations project to the

primary visual cortex

visual imputs to the _______ serve to synchronize biorhythms with natural light and dark.

suprachiasmatic nucleus

information from balance receptors goes directlyto the

brain stem reflex centers

motion sickness seems to

results from mismatch between visual and vestibular inputs

in the uterus

despite the fact that the fetus cannot see,function visual cortical connections are established

most newborns

often use only one eye at a time

the blind spot of the eye is where

the optic nerve leaves the eye

the first vestiges of the eye in the embryo are called

optic vesicles

which pairing of terms is INCORRECTLY related
frequency-loudness
quality-frequency number
amplitude-sound intensity
frequency-wavelength number

grequency-loudness

olfactory cells and taste buds are normally stimulated by

substances in solution

which of the following could NOT be seen as one looks into the eye with an ophthalmoscope

optic chiasma

the cells of the retina in which action potentials are generated are the

ganglion cells

during dark adaptation

rhodopsin accumulates in the rods

tinnitis, vertigo and gradual hearing loss typify the disorder called

menier's syndrome

which of the following is NOT a characteristic of olfactory receptor cells
a.they are ciliated
b.they are unipolar nuerons
c.they are chemoreceptors
d.they have a short life span of about 60 days

they are unipolar nuerons

an essential part of the maculae involved in static equilibrium ia (are) the

otoliths

the tarsal plate of the eyelid

is connected to the levator palpebrae

it is true that photoreceptors

rods absorb light throughout the spectrum but confer only grey tone vision

christae respond to angular

accerleration and deceleration

the eye muscle that elevates and turns the eye laterally is the

inferior olbique

the receptor membranesof gustatory cells are

gustatory hairs

light passes through the following structures in what order

Cornea, aquecous humor, lens, vitreous humor

damage to the media rectmuscles would problably effect

convergence

visible light fits between

UV and infrared

ceruminous glands are

modified apocrine sweat glands

the boundery of the retina is called the

ora serrata

the synapse of the olfactory nerves with the mitral cells is called

glomerulus

the rocks found in ones head (calcium carbonate crystals) are called

otoliths

the middle ear ossicle is the

incus

the _________ are in the visual pathway amd mediate the pupillary light reflexes

pretectal nuclei

the oval window touches the stapes and the

vestibule

the vestibulocochler nerve first synapses with the_______ in the medulla

cochlear nuclei

the apex of the ear hears sounds in the range of

20-20,000 Hz

in the optic _______ the visual fields of the axons are all ipsilateral

tract