Adventitia

Located in esophagus. It replaces the serosa. Ordinary fibrous connective tissue that binds the esophagus to surrounding structures.

Adventitia

Outermost layer of the esophagus.

Mucosa

innermost layer of esophagus

submucosa

middle layer of esophagus

Type of tissue in esophagus

hyaline cartilage

The respiratory bronchioles lead into the

alveolar ducts

walls consist of diffusely arranged rings of smooth muscle cells, connective tissue fibers and outpocketing alveoli

alveolar ducts

thin walled air sacs

alveoli

Air is moved into and out of the lungs so the gases there are continuously changed and refreshed

pulmonary ventilation

oxygen diffused from the lungs to the blood, and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the lungs

external respiration

oxygen is transported from the lungs to the tissues cells of the body, and carbon dioxide is transported from the tissue cells to the lungs.

transport of respiratory gases

oxygen diffuses from blood to tissue cells and carbon dioxide diffuses from tissue cells to blood

internal respiration

the actual use of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide by tissue cells is known as

cellular respiration

the two zones of the respiratory system

respiratory and conducting

actual site of gas exchange

respiratory zone

composed of the bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli

respiratory zone

provide fairly rigid conduits for air to reach the gas exchange sites

conducting zone

cleanse, humidify and warm incoming air

conducting zone

Separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

palate

anteriorly, where the palate is supported by the palatine bones and processed of the maxillary bones

hard palate

the unsupported posterior portion of the palate

soft palate

the roof of the nasal cavity is formed by what two bones

ethmoid and sphenoid

connect pharynx to trachea. Has framework of cartilage and dense connective tissue.

larynx

air passageway, prevents food from entering lower respiratory tract

larynx

opening of the larynx

glottis

houses true vocal cords

larynx

flexible tube running from larynx and dividing inferiorly into two main bronchi.

trachea

walls contain C-shaped cartilages that are incomplete posteriorly where connected by trachealis

trachea

air passageway, cleans warms and moistens incoming air

trachea

main site of gas exchange

alveoli

serous membranes

pleurae

produce lubricating fluid and compartmentalize lungs

pleurae

located in the roof of the nasal cavity

olfactory epithelium

lines most of the nasal cavity

respiratory mucosa

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

respiratory mucosa

what does the respiratory mucosa contain

goblet cells

the groove inferior to each concha is the

nasal meatus

connects the nasal cavity and mouth superiorly to the larynx and esophagus inferiorly.

pharynx

posterior to the nasal cavity, inferior to the sphenoid bone, and superior to the level of the soft palate

nasopharynx

lies posterior to the oral cavity and is continuous with it through an archway called the isthmus of the fauces

oropharynx

the tonsils that lie embedded in the lateral walls of the oropharyngeal mucosa just posterior to the oral cavity

palatine tonsils

the tonsil that covers the posterior surface of the tongue

lingual tonsil

lies directly posterior to the upright epiglottis and extends to the larynx where the respiratory and digestive pathways diverge

laryngopharynx

the voice box

larynx

superiorly attaches to the hyoid bone and opens in the laryngopharynx. Inferiorly it is continuous with the trachea

larynx

provide a open airway, act as a switching mechanism to route air and food into the proper channels and house the vocal cords

larynx

cartilage of larynx

hyaline

inferior to the thyroid cartilage and is ring shaped

cricoid cartilage

cartilages that form the lateral and posterior walls of the larynx

arytenoid, cuneiform, and corniculate

the epiglottis is what kind of cartilage

elastic

the vocal folds and the medial opening between through which air passes are called

glottis

another name for the false vocal cords

vestibular folds

what kind of cells line the superior portion of the larynx

stratified squamous epithelium

the tracheal wall consists of what kind of cartilage

hyaline

the outmost layer of the connective tissue in the trachea

adventitia

which main bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical

right

which side of the lung only has two lobes

left

secrete a fluid containing a detergent like substance called surfactant

type II alveolar cells

epithelium lining of nasal cavity

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

epithelium lining of nasopharynx

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

epithelium lining laryngopharynx

stratified squamous

epithelium lining trachea and main bronchi

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

epithelium lining bronchioles

simple cuboidal

epithelium lining walls of alveoli (type I alveolar cells)

simple squamous