What is the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy performed by autotrophs?

Photosynthesis

Where does photosynthesis mostly occur?

Mesophyll (tissue in the interior of the leaf)

The green pigment located within chloroplasts is called what?

Chlorophyll

CO2 enters a leaf and O2 exits through pores called __________.

Stomata

What is the fluid within the chloroplasts?

Stroma

A system of interconnected membranes that divide the stroma from the thylakoid space

Thylakoid membrane

Where is chlorophyll located?

Thylakoid membranes

Thylakoid membranes that are stacked together are called what?

Grana

What are the 2 sets of reactions that make up photosynthesis?

Light reactions and the Calvin Cycle

Light is absorbed by chlorophyll and drives the transfer of electrons and hydrogen from water to ______.

NADP+

What are the light harvesting units of the thylakoid membrane called?

photosystems

What is released when water splits in a light reaction?

Oxygen

Where does the Calvin Cycle occur?

Stroma of the chloroplasts

The initial incorporation of carbon into organic compounds is called ___________________.

Carbon fixation

The Calvin Cycle uses ATP and NADPH to produce what?

Sugar

What are the three phases of the Calvin Cycle?

1. Carbon fixation
2. Reduction
3. Regeneration of RuBP

For every _____ molecules of CO2 that enter the Calvin Cycle, the net output is one molecule of G3P.

3

For each G3P synthesized, the cycle spends how many molecules of ATP and NADPH?

9 molecules of ATP
6 molecules of NADPH

What kind of plant
- Uses CO2 directly from the air
- Are very common and widely distributed

C3 Plants

What kind of plant...
- Open their stomata only at night to conserve water

CAM plants

What kind of plant...
- Close their stomata to save water during hot and dry weather
- Can still carry out photosynthesis

C4 Plants