Matter

is anything that occupies space and has mass

State of mater

solid, liquid and gaseous state

energy

is the capacity to do work

kinetic energy

is energy in action

potencial energy

Is stored energy

form of energy

chemical energy, electrical energy, mechanical energy, radiant energy or electromagnetic energy

Make up about 96% of our body

carbon, oxygen,hydrogen,and nitrogen

atom

means indivisible, are clusters of even smaller particles called protons, neutrons and electrons.

oxygen function

a major componenof both organic(carbon conaining) and inorganic (non-carbon contain) moleculas. t it is need for the production of cellular energy.

carbon function

a primary component of all organic molecules, which include carbohydrates, lipids(fat) proteins and nucleid acid.

nitrogen function

a component of proteins and nucleic acid.

atomic number

is equal to tne number of protons

the mass number

is the sum of the protons and neutrons

isotopes

elements have two o more structural variation

ridioisotopes

the disintegration of a radioactive nucleus may be compared to tiny explosion

molecule

combination of two or more atoms bind, they form molecules of a compound

Mixture

Are substance composed of two or more component phisically intermix

Solution

homogeneous, will not settler

Colloids

Are heterogeneous mixtures. Often appear translucent or milky and although the solute particle are larger that those in true solutions, they still o not settle out.example jell-O

Suspension

Are heterogeneous mixture with large, often visible solutes that tent to settle out. Example mixture of salt and water and blood

Chemical bonds

It is a energy relationship between the electrons of the reacting atoms.

Metabolism

All the chemical reaction has occur in a living organs

Catalys

Chemical that help speed up chemical reaction with out itself being used up

Oxidation reduction

Something oxide is remove

Dehydrogeneration

Remove hydrogeneration

Inorganic

Any chemical that does not contain carb

Organic

Any chemical that contain carb

Homogeneous solution

Everything disolve.ex salt

Heterogeneous

Is never a true solution . Ex. Flour

Proteins

Is not a truly dissolve because is too heavy

Ph

Ph is the scale on the number of hydrogen ion in solution

Salt

Is an ionic compound containing cations and anions

Hydrolysis

Opposite of dehydration synthesis

Types of chemical bonds

Ionic bond, covalent bond, hydrogen bond

Ionic bound

a bond which electrons are complely lost or gained by the atoms involved

Nonpolar molecules

Electrically balanced

Polar molecules

Containing atoms with different electrons -attracting ability

Covalent bond

Two different atoms share the same electrons

Biochemistry

Is the study of the chemical composition and reaction of living matter

Water

Is the most abundant and important inorganic compound in living material. It make up 60-80% of volume of most living cells

Acids

Have a sour taste, can react with many metals.

Acid and bases

Like salt they are electrolyte

Buffers

A buffer is a solution containing either a weak acid and its salt or a weak base and its salt, which is resistant to changes in pH.

Carbohydrates

A group of molecules that includes sugar and starches

Monosaccharides

Or simple sugar , ex. Glucose , fructose, galactose.

Disaccharides

Double sugar, it's formed when two monosaccharides are join by dehydration synthesis

Polysaccharides

Simple sugar linked together by dehydration synthesis

Lipid

Contain carbon, hydrogen,and oxygen.( fat in the body)

Triglycerides

Neutral fats, it composed of two types of building block, fatty acid and glycerol. Fat deposits

Fatty acids

Are linear chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms with an organic acid group at the end.

cation

electrically charged particle due to loss of an electron

hydrogen bond

a bond which electrons are shared equally

electrical energy

legs moving the pedal of a bicycle

chemical energy

when the bondsof ATP are broken, is released to do cellular work

mechanical energy

represented by the flow of charged particles along a conductor, or flow of ions acrossa membrance

cholesterol fuction

the structural basic for manufactory of all body steroids. a component of cell membrane

trans fat`

increasing the risk of heart disease even more that the solid animal fat

phospolipids

are modified triglycerides

steroid

are fat soluble and contain little oxygen

amino acid

the building block of proteins

peptide bond

two united amino acid

the nucleic acid

composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus, are the largest molecules in the body. has two major class of molecules Deoxiribonucleic acid(DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)

DNA

is the genetic material

RNA

carried out the genetic instructions for protein synthesis

DNA bases

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

RNA bases

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil