What is the natural habitat of Vibrio cholerae?

Saltwater

is Vibrio cholerae Gram+ or Gram - ?

Gram-negative

What shape is the Vibrio cholerae

comma-shaped

Who first isolated Vibrio cholerae as the cause of cholera? when?

Filippo Pacini in 1854

Who publicized the discovery of V. cholerae as the cause of cholera?

Robert Koch independently after 30 years of Filippo Pacini isolating it

What percentage of V. cholerae infections are asymptomatic?

75%

What is the incubation period for classical biotype Cholera?

From a few hours to 5 days, most cases in 1-3 days.

What is the range of the infectious dose for the organism?

10⁶ to 10¹¹ colonizing units.

Are vibrio cholera invasive

no

What does V. cholerae secrete during infection?

Cholera toxin.

What percentage of infected individuals develop Cholera gravis?

2%

What volume loss do patients with Cholera gravis experience per hour?

500 – 1000 ml per hour, they lose more than 10% of their body weight

Which blood type is most susceptible to cholera gravis?

Patients with blood type O.

What is the cause of mortality in Cholera gravis?

Circulatory collapse from dehydrating effects of the pathogen.

What is a key symptom of the Cholera gravis?

Voluminous expulsion of electrolyte-rich fluid in patient's stool.

What impact have Oral Rehydration Solutions (ORS) had on cholera mortality?

Reduced mortality from over 50% to less than 1%.

What is used for intravenous rehydration in hospitals?

Ringer’s Lactate.

What do we use if the vibrio cholera has tetracycline resistant since its common?

Fluoroquinolones