EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY

Extractive Metallurgy deals with the
extraction of metals from naturally
occurring compounds and the subsequent
refinement to a purity suitable for
commercial use.

EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY divided into three

pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and
electrometallurgy.

The choice of extraction process is largely
governed by

the type of ore

Valuable metal is present in the ore in a
form called the

ore mineral

Scrap

is also an important raw material.

And requires much less energy than primary metals

Hematite

Iron Oxide - Fe2O3

Bauxite

is primarily comprised
of aluminum oxide compounds
(alumina), silica, iron oxides
and titanium dioxide.

Sphalerite

((Zn, Fe)S) is a
mineral that is the chief ore of
zinc.

EXTRACTION PROCESSES| Gold

Miller Process
Direct Smelting
Wohlwill Process
CIP / CIL / CIC
Merrill-Crowe Process:

EXTRACTION PROCESSES| Nickel

HPAL
Moa Bay Process
Sherritt Gordon Process

EXTRACTION PROCESSES| Copper

Heap Leaching
Electro-Refining
Flash Smelting

EXTRACTION PROCESSES| Iron

Basic Oxygen Furnace Smelting
Midrex/COREX Process
Blast Furnace Smelting