cycloalkanes / alicyclic compounds are what?

Saturated cyclic hydrocarbons

What's the formula for alkenes?

C_nH2_n+2

Cycloalkanes have what traits?

Non polar

Non hydrogen bonding

Fairly Inert

Low in flexibility

Cycloalkanes with more carbon chains have what?

Rotational freedom

Stereoisomer

Atoms connected in the same order but differing in a three-dimensional orientation.

Stereochemistry

The three-dimensional aspects of structure and reactivity.

Cis (Z)

Function group on the same side of the plane

Trans (E)

Function group both on opposite sides of the plane

Angle strain

Strain due to the compression and expansion of the bond angle.

What are the 4 different bond angles

Propane- 60 degree

Butane- 90 degree

Pentane- 108

Hexane- 120

Which is more stained cyclohexane or cyclopropane

Cyclopropane

What's torsional strain?

Strain due to the eclipsing bonds between neighboring atoms

What's steric strain?

Strain due to repulsive interaction when atoms get to close to eachother.

Whose bonds can bend?

Cyclopropane

How is maximum bonding achieved in a unstrained alkene?

When two atoms have their overlapping orbitals pointing towards each other

What does cyclobutane have?

Cyclobutane has less angle strain than cyclopropane but has more torsional strain because of its larger number of ring hydrogens.

Cyclopentane has what?

Large torsional strain

What is a chair conformation?

A three dimensional shape of a hexane, with no strains

Twist boat conformation has what?

Both torsional and steric strain, higher in energy than the chair conformation- less stable

Substituent positions for the chair conformation are?

Axial- Parallel to the ring axis

Equatorial- are in the rough plane of the ring, around the ring equator.

What is the ring flip?

chair conformations interconvert and exchange axial and equatorial positions.

What is 1,3-diaxial interactions?

The energy difference between axial and equatorial conformations is due to steric strain

What's more stable? Gauche or anti Butane

Anti Butane

What is a polycyclic molecule?

when two or more cycloalkane rings are fused together along a common bond