Many Americans feared that the end of World War II would bring

a return of the Great Depression.

The Taft-Hartley Act delivered a major blow to labor by

outlawing closed (all-union) shops.

The passage of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act (GI Bill of Rights) was partly motivated by

fear that the labor markets could not absorb millions of discharged veterans.

One striking consequence of the postwar economic boom was

the vast expansion of the home-owning middle class.

Since 1945, population in the United States has grown most rapidly in the

Sunbelt

The refusal of the Federal Housing Authority to grant home loans to black Americans contributed to

driving many blacks into public housing.

Children of the baby boom

comprised a lucrative market for prepared baby food and other infant products. None of these grew into teenagers who spend $20 billion a year on clothes and music. became the foundation of the youth movements of the 1960s and 1970s.

In early 1945, the United States was extremely eager to secure the Soviet Union's participation in the projected invasion of Japan because

American casualties were expected to be high if only Americans were involved.

The crucial origins of the Cold War lay in a fundamental disagreement between the United States and Soviet Union over postwar arrangements in

Eastern Europe.

Which of the following was not among the early successes of the United Nations?

Stopping the spread of atomic weapons

When the Soviet Union denied the United States, Britain, and France access to Berlin in 1948, President Truman responded by

organizing a gigantic airlift of supplies to Berlin.

The fundamental idea of the containment doctrine, embraced by President Truman, was

Soviet expansion should be blocked by firm but not aggressive military and diplomatic strength.

Under the Truman Doctrine, the United States pledged to

support those who were resisting subjugation by communists.

President Truman's Marshall Plan called for

substantial financial assistance to rebuild Western Europe.

The United States' participation in NATO

marked a dramatic departure from traditional American isolationism.

Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek ) and the Nationalist government lost the Chinese civil war to the Communist and Mao Ze-dong mainly because

Jiang lost the support and the confidence of the Chinese people.

Republicans used the communist victory in the Chinese civil war to claim that

pro-Communist elements in the Truman administration had prevented Chiang Kai-shek from winning.

In an effort to detect communists within the federal government, President Harry Truman established the

Loyalty Review Board.

President Harry Truman relieved General Douglas MacArthur from command of United Nations troops in Korea when

MacArthur began to openly criticize Truman's orders on military policy.

By the end of the 1948 presidential campaign, almost everyone expected Governor Thomas Dewey to win because

President Truman seemed unpopular and the Democrats had split three ways.

Which of the following was not true of the changing nature of work in the 1950's?

There were fewer jobs in the military-related aerospace industry.

After World War II ended, most American women

cared for their families and did not work outside the home.

The impact of mass media on religion was reflected in the rise of religious televangelists like

Billy Graham and Oral Roberts

Which of these were NOT among the aspects of 1950's popular culture that conservatives found troubling?

Novels such as The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit

In an effort to overturn Jim Crow laws and the segregated system that they had created, African Americans used all of the following methods except

appeals to foreign governments to pressure the United States to establish racial justice.

In the epochal 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the Supreme Court

declared that the concept of "separate but equal" facilities for blacks and whites was unconstitutional.

On the subject of racial justice, President Eisenhower

had advised against integrating the armed forces.

The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was an outgrowth of the

sit-in movement launched by young southern blacks.

The Eisenhower-promoted public works project that was far larger and more expensive than anything in Roosevelt's New Deal was the

interstate highway system.

As the French fortress of Dien Bien Phu was about to fall to Ho Chi Minh's communist forces in 1954, President Eisenhower

refused to permit any American military involvement.

The factor that may have tipped the electoral scales for John F. Kennedy in the presidential election of 1960 was

his televised debates with Richard M. Nixon.

The Beat Generation can be described in all the following ways except

in founding their own movement, the hippies later rejected many of the Beat notions.

Two postwar American fiction writers, who explored the problems and anxieties of affluence, were

John Updike and John Cheever

In response to the launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union in 1957

the federal government began spending billions of dollars to improve American science and mathematics education.

The 1957 Eisenhower Doctrine empowered the president to extend economic and military aid to nations of __________ that wanted help help to resist communist aggression.

the Middle East

The Suez crisis marked the last time in history that the United States could

use its oil weapon to make foreign policy demands.

During the 1950s, the Central Intelligence Agency engineered pro-American political coups in both

Iran and Guatemala

In 1956, the United States condemned ___________ as the aggressors in the Suez Canal crisis.

Britain and France

In 1956, when Hungary revolted against continued domination by the Soviet Union, the United States under Dwight Eisenhower

did nothing to help defeat the communists.

During his presidency, Dwight Eisenhower accepted the principle and extended the benefits of

the Social Security system.

Before he became vice president and then president of the United States, Lyndon Johnson had exercised great power as

Majority Leader of the U.S. Senate.

President Johnson proved to be much more successful than President Kennedy at

getting his legislation passed by Congress.

President Johnson called his package of domestic reform proposals the

Great Society.

Besides eliminating segregation and racial discrimination in public facilities and employment, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 included a provision that

prohibited sexual as well as racial discrimination.

The War on Poverty was inspired by

Michael Harrington's book "The Other America". the sickness and dire conditions President Johnson witnessed in the mining regions of Appalachia. increasing public faith that an affluent nation such as the United States should be able to end poverty.

With the passage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Congress handed the president a blank check to use further force in Vietnam.

Voters supported Lyndon Johnson in the 1964 presidential election because of their

loyalty to the Kennedy legacy. trust in Johnson's Vietnam policy. fear of the Republican nominee, Barry Goldwater. faith in the Great Society promises.

Lyndon Johnson gained strong support for federal aid to education by

sidestepping the controversy over parochial schools by channeling aid directly to students.

All of the following programs were created by Lyndon Johnson's administration except

the Peace Corps.

In the final analysis, Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs

won some noteworthy battles in education and healthcare.

The landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplished all of the following except

requiring affirmative action against discrimination.

As a result of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965

sources of immigration shifted to Latin America and Asia.

The common use of poll taxers to inhibit black voters in the South was outlawed by the

Twenty-Fourth Amendment.

The militant African American leader who most directly challenged Martin Luther King, Jr.'s goal of peaceful integration was

Malcom X

The 1967 Six-Day War intensified the Arab-Israeli conflict by bringing into constant, direct conflict

Israelis and Palestinians.

The most serious blow to Lyndon Johnson's Vietnam policy

was the Tet Offensive of 1968.

The attempt to nominate an antiwar Democratic candidate for president in 1968 suffered a crippling blow when

Senator Robert Kennedy was assassinated after winning the California primary.

The site of the first major militant protest on behalf of gay liberation in 1969 was

the Stonewall Inn (New York City).

Former Vice President Richard Nixon essentially won the 1968 presidential election by

exploiting Democratic divisions and appealing to moderately conservative law and order sentiment.

Richard Nixon's policy of detente

ushered in an era of relaxed tensions between the United States and the two leading Communist powers, China and the Soviet Union.