The real heart of the progressive movement was the effort by reformers to

use the government as an agency of human welfare.

Female progressives often justified their reformist political activities on the basis of

their being essentially an extension of women's traditional roles as wives and mothers.

The religious movement that was closely linked to progressivism was

the Social Gospel.

Lincoln Steffens, in his series of articles entitled The Shame of the Cities

unmasked the corporate alliance between big business and municipal government.

Most muckrakers believed that their primary function in the progressive attack on the social ills was to

make the public aware of social problems.

The leading progressive organization advocating prohibition of liquor was

the Women's Christian Temperance Union.

The Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution was a key progressive reform designed to

make Senators directly elected and end the Senate millionaire's club.

According to progressives, the cure for all of American democracy's ills was

more democracy.

All of the following were prime goals of earnest progressives except

treating women in the workplace exactly the same as men.

In Mueller v. Oregon, the Supreme Court upheld the principal promoted by progressives like Florence Kelley and Louis Brandeis that

female workers required special rules and protection on the job.

The case of Lochner v. New York represented a setback for progressives and labor advocates because in its ruling, the Supreme Court

declared a law limiting work to ten hours a day unconstitutional.

Teddy Roosevelt helped to end the 1902 strike in the anthracite coal mines by

threatening to seize the mines and to operate them with federal troops.

The Elkins and Hepburn Acts were designed to

end the corrupt and exploitative practices by the railroad trusts.

Teddy Roosevelt believed that large corporate trusts

were bad only if they acted as monopolies against the public interest.

Passage of the federal Meat Inspection Act was inspired by the publication of

Upton Sinclair's The Jungle.

According to the text, Teddy Roosevelt's most important and enduring achievement may have been

conserving American resources and protecting the environment.

The western preservationists suffered their worst political setback when

California's Hetch Hetchy Valley was dammed to supply water to San Francisco.

President Taft's foreign policy was dubbed

dollar diplomacy.

Teddy Roosevelt decided to run for the presidency in 1912 because

William Howard Taft had seemed to discard Roosevelt's progressive policies.

The settlement house and women's club movements were crucial centers of female progressive activity because they

introduced many middle-class women to a broader array of urban social problems and civic concerns.

While president, Theodore Roosevelt chose to label his reform proposals as the

Square Deal

Activists in the anti-liquor campaigns saw saloons and alcohol as intimately linked with

prostitution. crooked city officials, paid off by liquor companies. drunken voters.

Teddy Roosevelt weakened himself politically after his election in 1904 when he

announced that he would not be a candidate for a third term as president.

Progressive reformers included

Militarists Labor unionists Pacifists Female settlement workers

The public outcry after the horrible Triangle Shirtwaist fire led many states to pass

anti-sweatshop and workers' compensation laws for job injuries.

By 1910, all of the following were true about women's efforts to gain the vote except

a federal amendment granting the right to vote was about to be passed.

The progressive-inspired city-manager system of government

was designed to remove politics from municipal administration.

When Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle, he intended his book to focus attention on the

plight of workers in the stockyards and meat-packing industry.

In 1912, Woodrow Wilson became the first _______ elected to the presidency since the Civil War.

person born in the South.

To secure passage of the Underwood Tariff Bill, Woodrow broke new ground by

personally presenting his case to Congress and arousing public opinion.

The Federal Reserve Act gave the Federal Reserve Board the authority to

issue paper money and increase or decrease the amount of money in circulation by altering interest rates.

The Federal Trade Commission was established in 1914 to address all of these practices except

sale of stocks without full disclosure of a business's organization and profits.

Because of the benefits it conferred on labor, Samuel Gompers called the _______ "labors Magna Carta."

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

The first Jewish member of the United States Supreme Court, appointed by Woodrow Wilson, was

Louis D. Brandeis.

Woodrow Wilson showed the limits of his progressivism by

accelerating the segregation of blacks in the federal bureaucracy.

Which term best characterizes Woodrow Wilson's fundamental approach to American foreign policy?

Moralistic

Difficulties in Mexico in the early 20th century affected the U.S. by

encouraging massive migration of Mexicans across the border.

President Wilson's first direct use of American military forces in revolutionary Mexico occurred when he

seized the Mexican port of Vera Cruz to prevent German delivery of arms to President Huerta.

Before his first term ended, Woodrow Wilson had militarily intervened in or purchased all of the following countries except

Cuba.

As World War I began in Europe, the alliance system placed Germany and Austria-Hungary as leaders of the _________, while Russia and France were among the ________.

Central Powers; Allies

With the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the great majority of Americans

earnestly hoped to stay out of the war.

From 1914 to 1916, America's growing trade with Britain and loss of trade with Germany essentially occurred because

the British navy controlled the Atlantic shipping lanes.

One primary effect of World War I on the United States was that it

conducted an immense amount of trade with the Allies.

German submarines began sinking unarmed and unresisting merchant and passenger ships without warning

in retaliation for the British naval blockade of Germany.

Which of the following American passenger liners was sunk by German submarines?

None of these were American ships. ( Sussex, Arabic, Lusitania)

In the Sussex pledge, Germany promised

not to sink passenger ships without warning.

President Wilson broke diplomatic relations with Germany when

Germany announced that it would wage unrestricted submarine warfare in the Atlantic.

The Zimmerman note involved a proposed secret agreement between

Germany and Mexico.

President Woodrow Wilson persuaded the American people to enter World War I by

declaring it a crusade to "make the world safe for democracy."

Which one of the following was not among Wilson's Fourteen Points, upon which he based America's idealistic foreign policy in World War I?

An international guarantee of freedom of religion.

When the United States entered World War I, it was

poorly prepared to leap into global war.

During World War I, civil liberties in America were

severely damaged by the pressures of loyalty and conformity.

Although German-Americas were generally loyal citizens, during the war they were subjected to all of the following except

deportation back to Germany.

Prosecutions under the Espionage Act (1917) and the Sedition Act (1918) can be characterized in all of the following ways except

the Supreme Court ruled that they were unconstitutional violations of free speech.

Two constitutional amendments, adopted in part because of World War I, were the Eighteenth, which dealt with _______, and the Nineteenth, whose subject was _______.

prohibition; woman suffrage

The movement of tens of thousands of Southern blacks north during World War I resulted in

racial violence in the North.

The two groups who suffered the most from the violation of civil liberties during World War I were

German Americans and social radicals.

World War I was the first time that

women were admitted to the armed forces.

The United States' main contributions to the Allied victory in World War I included all of the following except

battlefield victories.

Woodrow Wilson's ultimate goal at the Paris Peace Conference was to

establish the League of Nations.

In the United States, the most controversial aspect of the Treaty of Versailles was the

League of Nations.

The red scare of 1919-1920 was provoked by

the public's fear that labor troubles were sparked by communist and anarchists revolutionaries.

Businesspeople used the red scare to

break the backs of fledgling unions.

The most tenacious pursuer of radical elements during the red scare of the early 1920's was

A. Mitchell Palmer.

The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s was a reaction against

the forces of diversity and modernity that were transforming American culture.

Immigration restrictions of the 1920s were introduced as a result of

the nativist belief that northern Europeans were superior to southern and eastern Europeans.

Enforcement of the Volstead Act met the strongest resistance from

immigrants and big-city residents.

Although speakeasies and hard liquor flourished, historians argue that prohibition wasn't entirely a failure for all of the following reasons except

crime levels decreased.

Top gangster Al Capone was finally convicted and sent to prison for the crime of

income tax evasion.

The immediate outcome of the 1925 Scopes Trial was that

biology teacher John Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution and fined.

The main problem faced by American manufacturers in the 1920s involved

developing expanding markets of people to buy their products.

In response to the need to develop greater and greater mass markets for their products, America business in the 1920s relied especially on the new techniques of

consumer advertising.

The prosperity that developed in the 1920s

was accompanied by a cloud of consumer debt.

Henry Ford's most distinctive contribution to the automobile industry was

production of a standardized, relatively inexpensive automobile.

The first talkie motion picture was

The Jazz Singer.

Automobiles, radios, and motion pictures

contributed to the standardization of American life.

All of the following are true of Marcus Garvey, founder of the United Negro Improvement Association, except he

advocated the idea of developing an elite "talented tenth" to lead African American progress.

The Harlem Renaissance can best be described as

a celebration of black culture and creative expression.

Buying stock on margin meant purchasing

it on credit with only a small down payment.

As secretary of the treasury, Andrew Mellon placed the heaviest tax burden on

middle-income groups.

Warren G. Harding's weakness as president included all of the following except a(n)

lack of political experience.

Republican economic policies under Warren G. Harding

hoped to encourage the government to actively assist business along the path to profits.

In the Adkins case, the Supreme Court ruled

women were no longer entitled to special protection in the workplace because they now had the vote.

The 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact

officially outlawed war as a solution to international rivalry and conflict.

The Fordney-McCumber and Hawley-Smoot Tariff laws had the long term effect of

shrinking international trade and making it impossible for Europe to repay American war loans.

The Teapot Dome scandal was centered around corrupt deals and bribes involving

naval oil reserves.

During Coolidge's presidency, government policy was set largely by the interests and values of

the business community.

The advent of the gasoline-powered tractor in the 1920s meant that

productivity went up but so did debt.

The Progressive party did not do well in the 1924 election because

too many people shared in the general prosperity of the time to care about reform.

America's major foreign policy problem in the 1920s was addressed by the Dawes Plan, which

provided a solution to the tangle of war-debt and war-reparations payments.

As a result of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930

the worldwide depression deepened.

President Herbert Hoover believed that the Great Depression could be ended by doing all of the following except

providing direct aide to the people.

The term "Hoovervilles" refers to

shantytowns filled with shacks created by homeless people during the Great Depression.

The Reconstruction Finance Corporation, established by Hoover to deal with the depression, was charged with

making loans to businesses, banks, and state and local governments.

The Bonus Expeditionary Force marched on Washington D.C., in 1932 to demand

immediate full payment of bonus payments promised to World War I veterans.

President Hoover's public image was severely damaged by his

use of harsh military force to disperse the Bonus Army from Washington.