91. What does the endocrine system help the body maintain?

homeostasis

92. What hormone is responsible for maintaining and establishing pregnancy?

LH

93. The hypothalamus is also known as what?

The control center of the endocrine system

94. What is a hormone?

A chemical that travels through the body to cause a specialized reaction

95. What must be filled out within 10 days of travel via plane or outside of the country?

Health certificate

96. Contagious animals who are hospitalized are housed where in the hospital?

iso ward

97. What is a drop off appointment?

where a client drops of a patient at the clinic

98. What vaccine always has a certificate printed for it?

rabies

99. What is the master problem list?

Document with all diagnoses the patient has ever received or medical conditions

100. An employee who can perform the tasks of other team members of different positions is considered to be what?

Cross-trained

101. Who owns the medical record?

The veterinary hospital who created it

102. What does the medical record allow for?

continued care

103. What goes in each part of the SOAP?

• s=subjective Chief complaint, owner symptoms.
• o=objective TPR, Weight
• a=asses Diagnosis, Differentials.
• p=plan Prescriptions to be dispensed, treatments to be done

104. What are the feline core and lifestyle vaccines?

CORE: Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (FVR), Feline Calicivirus (FCV), Feline Panleukopenia (FPV) LIFESTYLE: Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV), Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV),

105. What is toxoplasmosis and who is at elevated risk for contracting it?

Zoonotic protozoa found in feces of cats and pregnant women at high risk for it

pregnant women, individuals with weakened immune systems, and those who consume undercooked meat or come into contact with cat feces being at elevated risk for contracting it.

106. Define: onychectomy, Orchiectomy, Ovarian hysterectomy, Radiograph

onychectomy is a declaw orchiectomy is a casteration ovarian hysteractomy is a spay and radiograph is an x-ray

107. What is the order that feline vaccines are given starting at 6 weeks and ending at 16

FVRCP FELV Rabies

108. What is polyestrous?

multiple estrus cycles

109. What is feline distemper vaccine, otodectes cyonotis, FLUTD, CRF

• Feline Distemper Vaccine: Also known as Feline Panleukopenia Vaccine (FPV). Protects against feline panleukopenia virus, a highly contagious and often fatal viral disease affecting a cat's gastrointestinal tract and immune system.
• Otodectes cynotis: A parasitic mite commonly known as ear mites that infest the ear canal of cats. Ear mite infestations can cause irritation, inflammation, and secondary bacterial infections.
• FLUTD (Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease): A collective term for disorders affecting the bladder and urethra in cats. Symptoms may include frequent urination, blood in the urine, straining to urinate, and urinating outside the litter box.
• CRF (Chronic Renal Failure): Also known as Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). A progressive and irreversible deterioration of kidney function over time. Common in older cats and may result in symptoms such as increased thirst, increased urination, weight loss, and loss of appetite.

What is the feline Feline Distemper Vaccine:

Also known as Feline Panleukopenia Vaccine (FPV). Protects against feline panleukopenia virus, a highly contagious and often fatal viral disease affecting a cat's gastrointestinal tract and immune system.

What is the feline Otodectes cynotis:

ear mites

FLUTD

Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease

CRF

Chronic Renal Failure

"What is the feline Feline Distemper Vaccine:

Also known as Feline Panleukopenia Vaccine (FPV). Protects against feline panleukopenia virus, a highly contagious and often fatal viral disease affecting a cat's gastrointestinal tract and immune system.

"What is the feline Otodectes cynotis:

A parasitic mite commonly known as ear mites that infest the ear canal of cats. Ear mite infestations can cause irritation, inflammation, and secondary bacterial infections

What is the feline FLUTD

(Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease): A collective term for disorders affecting the bladder and urethra in cats.

What is feline CRF

(Chronic Renal Failure): Also known as Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). A progressive and irreversible deterioration of kidney function over time. Common in older cats and may result in symptoms such as increased thirst, increased urination, weight loss, and loss of appetite.

110. What is a trichobezoar and what causes it?

hairball that gats stuck in the stomach when a cat ingests too much hair

111. Define Aspiration.

when an animal breathes in food or water

112. When do you document in the chart?

Every time to see the patient or talk to the client

113. What is force feeding?

feeding an animal against their will by physically restraining them and inserting food into their mouth or stomach.

114. What is observation in a hospital?

Watching an animal during hospitalization to note behavior and status

115. Define empathy, sympathy, tactfulness, patience, kindness, courtesy

EMPATHY= being able to understand others feelings

SYMPATHY= Sharing feelings with each other in a time of sadness

TACTFULNESS=Doing and saying the right thing at the right time

PATIENCE=Demonstrateing a calm demeanor in all circumstances

KINDNESS=Being helpful and Understanding COURTESY= being nice, respectful, and polite

empathy

being able to understand others feelings

sympathy

Sharing feelings with each other in a time of sadness

tactfulness

Doing and saying the right thing at the right time

patience

Demonstrateing a calm demeanor in all circumstances

kindness

Being helpful and Understanding

courtesy

being nice, respectful, and polite

116. What info must be written on a message?

• - Patient's name (if applicable) -
• Date and time of the message -
• Nature of the message or reason for communication -
• Contact information of the sender (name, phone number, email) -
• Any specific instructions or requests - Any relevant medical information or updates regarding the patient, if applicable

117. What is the order of blood flow through the valves of the heart?

1. Tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve)
2. Pulmonary valve (pulmonary semilunar valve)
3. Mitral valve (left atrioventricular valve)
4. Aortic valve (aortic semilunar valve)

118. What structures in systemic circulation have deoxygenated blood, oxygenated blood and exchange of O2/Co2 site?

Arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart. Veins carry oxygenated blood back to the heart. Capillaries are where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs.

119. What are the two names of the valve between the left atrium and ventricle known as?

mitral and tricuspid

120. What is the liquid portion of blood that has not clotted and the liquid portion of blood that has clotted?

• not clotted-serum
• clotted-plasma

121. A murmur is created by what heart structure?

faulty valves

122. All vessels leading to the heart are what type of vessel?

veins

123. What is the name of the main vessel that takes blood from the body back to the heart?

vena cava

124. Where is the cecum located?

it is attatched to the large intestine

125. Where is the pyloric/gastric sphincter on a monogastric stomach?

pyloric is the bottom gastric is the top

126. Where is the frog of a horse foot?

On the walking surface of the hoof toward the caudal portion, and is v shaped

127. Where is the toe of a horse foot?

On the front cranial portion of the hoof

128. What is important to remember when restraining a horse head and a foal?

Head- eyes at your eye level. Foal- Press against a sturdy wall or partition

129. A horse lying down, rolling, kicking at its abdomen is a sign of what?

colic

130 What is the purpose of the cecum in a horse?

helps digest tough plant material.

131. How many inches in a hand? How many inches in 15 hands?

in4=1h and in60=15h

132. Why are tracheal rings not closed?

so the esophagus can expand

133. What is the equation for tidal volume?

10-20ml/kg, x6

134. Define these respiratory structures: Septum, Diaphragm, Alveoli, Hemoglobin

• "Septum: Divides two cavities or parts, such as the nasal septum separating the left and right nasal passages in mammals.
• Diaphragm: A dome-shaped muscle separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals, contracting during inhalation and relaxing during exhalation to facilitate breathing.
• Alveoli: Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs, allowing oxygen to enter the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to be removed.
• Hemoglobin: A protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues throughout the body, facilitating oxygen delivery to cells and tissues.

Septum

Divides two cavities or parts, such as the nasal septum separating the left and right nasal passages in mammals.

Diaphragm

a thin wall of myscle that helps the lungs inflate and deflate

Alveoli

thin walled pockets that exchange gasses

Hemoglobin

a molecule that helps oxygen travel around

135. What type of animal uses each respiratory system type? Countercurrent, Unidirectional, Tracheal tubes, Lungs

Countercurrent: Fish Unidirectional: Birds Tracheal tubes: Insects Lungs: Mammals"Countercurrent: Fish

Unidirectional

birds

Tracheal tubes

insects

lungs

mammals

136. What is the purpose of the respiratory system?

It exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide. It also helps regulate the body's pH balance and plays a role in vocalization and the sense of smell.

137. How many lobes are in the left and right lung?

The left lung typically has two lobes: the superior and inferior lobes. The right lung usually has three lobes: the superior, middle, and inferior lobes.

How many lobes in the left lung?

3

How many lobes in the right lung?

4

138. What % of a reptiles health is based on husbandry?

90%

139. What does MBD stand for?

metabolic bone disease

140. What are differences between snakes and lizards?

Snake- carnivore left lung has no purpose, no UV. Lizard- Insectivore/herbivore/carnivore, can be sexed externally, may require calcium supplements

141. What item is required in most reptile enclosures besides snakes?

uv light

142. How do you tell a legless lizard from a snake?

legless lizards have eyelids and external ear openings snakes do not

143. What are the most common ectoparisite in reptiles?

mites

144. What are the 3 divisions of the small intestine?

Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

In the Intestines, what does the Duodenum do

Receives partially digested food from the stomach and mixes it with digestive enzymes and bile.

In the intestines, what does the Jejunum do?

Middle section of the small intestine where significant absorption of carbohydrates and proteins occurs.

In the intestines, what does the Ileum do?

Final and longest section responsible for absorbing remaining nutrients, particularly fats and fat-soluble vitamins, and containing clusters of lymphoid tissue important for the immune system.

145. Describe the following GI structures: Cardiac sphincter, Body, Duodenum, Accessory digestive organs, Liver, Gallbladder

Cardiac sphincter-Located where the esophagus ends and the stomach starts

Body-Main portion of the stomach

Duodenum-Where pancreatic secretions enter the digestive tract

Accessory digestive organs-Organs that are not anatomically part of the digestive tract but are responsible for part of the digestive process

Liver-The organ that produces bile

Gallbladder- The organ that stores bile

What are the GI structures

Cardiac sphincter, Body, Duodenum, Accessory digestive organs, Liver, Gallbladder

Describe the GI structure: Cardiac sphincter

"Regulates the passage of food from the esophagus into the stomach and prevents stomach contents from refluxing back into the esophagus.

Describe the GI structure: body

Situated between the fundus (upper portion) and the pylorus (lower portion), where much of the gastric digestion and mixing of food with gastric juices occur.

Describe the GI structure: duodenum

Connects to the stomach and receives partially digested food (chyme) mixed with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver and gallbladder for further digestion and absorption of nutrients

Describe the GI structure: accessory digestive organs

Includes organs such as the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, which assist with digestion but are not part of the alimentary canal.

Describe the GI structure: liver

Performs vital functions including bile production, metabolism of nutrients, detoxification of harmful substances, and storage of glycogen, vitamins, and minerals.

Describe the GI structure: gallbladder

Stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver, releasing it into the duodenum to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats.

146. What are the structures of the oral cavity?

• Tongue
• Teeth
• Hard palate
• cheek
• lips

147. Where is the pylorus?

base of the stomach

148. Where is the pyloric sphincter?

At the base of the pylorus before the duodenum

149. Of these structures which is the most cranial? Pylorus, rectum, tongue, stomach

tongue

150. Describe the function of the 4 chambers of a ruminant stomach.

• Reticulum Holding area for ingesta/Site of regurgitation
• rumen Bacterial and chemical breakdown of fiber/fermentation
• omasum Grinds the food and prepares it for chemical breakdown
• abomasum The majority of chemical breakdown occurs here/ similar to monogastric stomach

reticulum

the stomach chamber that hold indigesta

rumen

the brewery of the cow it breaks dow fiber chemically

omasum

the round and muscular part of the stomach

abomasum

the part of the stomach that is similar to the monogastric stomach

151. Describe the following: Styptic powder, Dip bathing, Cool lube, Medicated shampoo.

Styptic powder- Used to help stop the nail from bleeding

Dip Bathing- Used for ectoparasites and to treat some skin conditions/infections

Cool lube- used to cool the clipper blades during shaving

Medicated shampoo- A type of shampoo sent home with owners to treat skin conditions/infections

styptic powder

a clotting agent Used to help stop the nail from bleeding

dip bathing

Used for ectoparasites and to treat some skin conditions/infections

cool lube

used to cool the clipper blades during shaving

medicated shampoo

a type of shampoo sent home with owners to treat skin conditions/infections

152. What instrument should not be used for demating?

scissors

153. What is not recommended when using clippers?

Using isopropyl alcohol to disinfect the blades