A & P 2 Lecture Exam Review
Whether the lymphatic system is involved in circulation, immunity, and nutrient absorption.
False
Whether red bone marrow is the point of origin of all immune cells of the lymphatic system.
True
Whether lymph originates in blood capillaries that pick up tissue fluid
False
The amount (percentage) recovered by lymphatic vessels of what the fluid filtered by capillaries
15%
Lymph is similar to blood plasma but very low in what substance?
Protein
The four forces/factors that help lymph flow
Skeletal Muscle Squeezing, Arterial Pulsation, Thoracic Pump, and Rapidly Flowing Bloodstream
The WBC type that standing guard against parasites and allergens
Eosinophils
Each alveolus is surrounded by a web of blood capillaries supplied by what blood vessel
pulmonary artery
The main bronchus that is about 5cm long and slightly narrower and more horizontal than the one on the opposite side
Left Main Bronchus
The name of the area of the left lung where the heart indents
Cardiac Impression
The largest of the larynx cartilages
The Thyroid Cartilage
The law that deals with the relationship between the total pressure of a gas mixture and the sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases
Dalton's Law
The factor that has the greatest influence on the resistance to pulmonary airflow
Bronchiole Diameter
The term used to refer to the lungs' resistance to expansion
Pulmonary Compliance
The term referring to the amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be inhaled with maximum effort
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
The components of air volumes contributing to the vital capacity
(VC)(ERV+TV+IRV)
Name 3 forms of CO2 transport and indicate whether it is transported by means of:
Carbonic Acid, Carbamino Compounds, and Dissolved Gas disassociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions
The location where T cells achieve immunocompetence in
Thymus
The lymph organ that show(s) a remarkable degree of degeneration (involution) with age
Thymus
Whether or not the immune system spans nearly every organ and tissue in the human body
True
Name the components of the second line of defense, and indicate whether gastric juice is one of them
phagocytes, inflammation, fever, antimicrobial proteins, and NK Cells
The name of the cell that secretes perforins, which bore holes in the enemy cell membrane.
Natural Killer Cells
The anatomical other name of the voice box
Larynx
The importance of the cartilage rings in the trachea
Reinforce the trachea and keep it from collapsing when inhaling
A family of substances secreted by cells infected with viruses, alerting neighboring cells and protecting them from becoming infected
Interferons
What a pyrogen does in the body
causes fever / Rise in body temperature
The type of immunity that deals with:
The type of immunity produced by vaccination
active artificial immunity
The type of immunity produced by giving serum in emergency treatment of snakebites
Artificial Passive Immunity
Whether naive T cells can synthesize antibodies
False
The type of ion generated in RBCs by the addition of CO2 to blood, which in turn stimulates RBCs to unload more oxygen
Hydrogen
The gas that is found in the highest concentration in the air we breathe
Nitrogen
The maximum number of oxygen molecules each hemoglobin molecule can transport
Four Oxygen Molecules
The percentage of oxygen the blood gives up in one passage through a bed of systemic blood capillaries
20%-25%
The form of Co2 that is transported most by the blood
Bicarbonate
Whether erythrocytes consume any of the oxygen they are transporting
True
The most numerous cells in the lungs
Dust cells
Whether macrophages are an example of lymphatic tissue
True
The largest of the lymphatic vessels, and where they empty their lymph into
The right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct merge into large veins called your subclavian veins and empty the lymph into them
The type of cells that nonspecifically detect and destroy foreign cells and diseased host cells during the process of immune surveillance
Natural killer (NK) cells
The only lymphatic organ(s) with afferent lymphatic vessels
Lymph nodes
Whether mucous membranes prevent most pathogens from entering the body because of the stickiness of the mucus and the presence of lysozymes.
True
The type of immunity associated with:
Nonspecific resistance, Adaptive immunity
The term for a deficiency of oxygen or the inability to utilize oxygen in a tissue.
Hypoxia
The cells of the respiratory tract which produce mucus that plays an important role in cleansing inhaled air
goblet cells of surface epithelia and mucous cells of submucosal glands
The definition of inspiratory capacity, and whether it is the maximum amount of air the lungs can contain
Lung Capacities
Whether the pressure gradient of carbon dioxide affect the rate of oxygen diffusion
False
Bohr effect definition, and whether it implies that a low level of oxyhemoglobin enables the blood to transport more CO2
The Bohr effect describes hemoglobin's lower affinity for oxygen secondary to increases in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and/or decreased blood pH; true
The name of the air in the conducting zone that is not available for gas exchange upon inspiration
Anatomical dead space
The law which states that the total atmospheric pressure is a sum of the contributions of the individual gases
Dalton's Law
Whether air enters the alveoli after the terminal bronchi
True
Whether the expansion of the lungs during inspiration generates a pressure gradient causing air to flow into the lungs can be an example of Boyle's law
True
The segment of the nephron loop that is impermeable to water
Ascending limb
The part of the pharynx that functions only as an air passageway
The upper part of the pharynx (throat)
The cell types the juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of
The macula densa cells of the distal tubule, the extraglomerular mesangial cells that are in contact with intraglomerular mesangium.
The alveolar cells that produce the surfactant
Type II
The type of immunity attained by giving a critically corona-sick patient an anti-serum from a corona-recovered person
Passive artificial immunity
The type of immunity attained by a newly born baby receiving antibodies from the mother’s milk
passive natural immunity