__ the ability to detect a stimulus and, perhaps, to turn that detection into a private experience.

Sensation

___ is the act of giving meaning to a detected sensation.

Perception

which approach to studying sensation and perception would be concerned with determining the dimmest light you could perceive or the loudest sound you could hear without pain?

Threshold

Which approach to studying sensation and perception would be concerned with creating a computer program that stimulates perceptual processes?

Sensory Neuroimaging

Dualism is the idea that

the mind has an existence separate from the body

materialism is the notion that __.

physical matter is the only reality

__ is the founder of psychophysics

Fechner

___ is the smallest distance at which two stimuli are just perceptible as separate

the two-point touch threshold

JND is the

smallest detectable difference between two stimuli

if we measure the minimum volume it would take for you to hear a tone, then we have determined your ___ for hearing.

Absolute threshold

___ describes the relationship between a stimulues and its resulting sensation by proposing that the JND is a constant fraction of the stimulus intensity

Weber's Law

If participants were holding two different weights in their hands and the JND for a 10-gram weight was 1 gram, what should the JND for a 100-gram weight, according to Weber's law?

10 grams

___ is the principle that describes the relationship between a stimulus and its resulting sensation that says the magnitude of subjective sensation is proportional to the stimulus magnitude, raised to and exponent.

Steven's power law

Absolute threshold is the minimum amount of stimulation necessary for a person to detect a stimulus _% of the time

50

The method os __ requires the random presentation of many stimulus, ranging from rarely to almost perceivable, one at a time

constant stimuli

the doctrine of specific nerve energies involves the stimulation of __.

sensory fibers

The twelve pairs of nerves taht originates in the brain stem and reach sense organs and muscles through openings in the skull are called

cranial nerves

if you has a stroke that damaged your temporal lobe, which sense would be most likely to be impaired?

Hearning

__ invented the ophthalmoscope, studied hearing, and first determined the speed of neural impulses

Helmholtz

If you look at neurons through a microscope and draw detailed pictures of their structures, whose scientific career are you most likley emulating?

Ramon y Cajal

___ olfaction refers to sniffing in and perceiving odors through the nostrils, whiles __ olfaction refers to perceiving odors through the mouth while chewing.

orthonasal; retronasal

An __ is a molecule defined by its physiochemical characteristics and is capable of being translated by the nervous system into the perception of a smell

odorant

which of the following is the translation of a chemical stimulus into a smell sensation?

odors

___ are the precursor cells to olfactory sensory neurons.

Basal cells

The cilia are ___

the first structures involved in olfactory signal transduction

the processing of components in an odorant mixture is completed by using __.

analysis and synthesis

if a different scent is presented to each of your nostrils at the same time, what will you most likely experience

binary rivalry

these odors is created when at least 30 odorants of equal intensity that span olfactory physiochemical and psychological (perceptual) space are mixed. The resultant odor percept is the same as every other mixture of 30 odorants meeting the span and equivalent intensity criteria, even though the various mixtures do not share any common odorants.

Olfactory white

over the course of 30 days, the percentage of correct recognitions of an odor __.

remains relatively constant

__ is the sensation evoked by solutions that contact receptors int he tongue, while __ includes the former and also retronasal olfaction.

Taste; flavor

the reason that food tastes bland if you have a cold is that your sinuses are usually studded, which restricts airflow through the nose and prevents

retronasal olfaction

anesthesia of the chorda tympani causes

damaged taste

__ are structures that give the tongue its bumpy appearance

Papillae

neural signals from the __ in the papillae are transmitted via the cranial nerves to the brain.

taste buds

Which of the following is NOT a type of papillae

Circular

__ are the taste bud containing folds tissue that are located on the rear of the tongue, where the tongue attaches to the mouth.

foliate papillae

___ are mushroom-shaped structures distributed most densely on the edges of the tongue, especially the tip

fungiform paillae

__ are circular, mound structure surrounded by a trench that forms an inverted "V" on the rear of the tongue

circumvallate papillae.

__ are the smalles structures on the tongue that have no tast function and are responsible for its bumpy appearance

filiform papillae

if you have a specific craving for salty foods due to a sodium deficiency, it is an example of the __ theory.

specific hungers

Which of the following is evidence that taste preferences are genetically determined?

newborn infants respond with stereotyped facial expressions the first time tehy taste sweet, salty, sour, and bitter solutions

The labeled lines theory of taste coding holds that each ___ carries a particular taste quality.

taste nerve fiber