Nervous system divided into

CNS PNS

Preganglionic nerve originates in the

CNS, usually myelinated

Post-ganglionic nerve is

nonmyelinated and terminates in smooth or cardiac muscle, exocrine glands

In between pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic is

ganglion

Ganglion

receptor between nerves

Neuroeffector transmitter

effector organ

Parasympathetic cranial innervation

III, VII, IX, X

Parasympathetic pre-ganglia are

long

Sympathetic pre-ganglia are

short

Parasympathetic connects the brain to the sacrum

craniosacral

Sympathetic originates in the spine

Thoracolumbar

Acetylcholine

All preganglionic fibers
Post-ganglionic fibers parasympathetic
post-ganglionic fibers innervating sweat glands
Somatic system

Norepinephrine

post-ganglionic fibers- sympathetic

Cholinergic receptor families

muscarinic
nicotinic

nicotinic

Nm
Nn
Ligand gated ion channels (na+, ca2+)
NM = muscle
Nn = neuron
Ionotropic receptors

muscarinic

5 subtypes M1-M5
G-protein coupled receptors
M1&M3- IP3 and DAG as second messengers
M2- Adenyl cyclase

Dont learn the Ms

for muscarinics, too far

Key Nm & Nn

Nm - neuromuscular junction
Nn - autonimic ganglia, adrenal medulla

Key Muscarinic

do not memorize M1-5

Key parasympathetic

affector, vs transmission vs neuromuscular junction

****A2

sketchy mechanisms, learn em

a2 stops release of

norepi

a2 is kind of a weird norepi ____

negative feedback loop/release valve

b1, b2, b3

b1 have equal affinity for epi and norepi
b2 have a higher affinity for norepi
located on post-synaptic effector cells

adenyl cyclase and cAMP are the second messengers for

b1,b2,b3

norepinephrine are

presynaptic neurotransmitter

synthesis of norepi fromm

dopamine

norepi released into

synapse

a2 is found in the

presynapse

cOMT

catechol-o-methyltransferase

neurotransmitter can be put back into

pre-synapse

MAO

monoamineoxidase

norepi can be

degraded in two places or recycled

when norepi is released, one of 4 things can happen

binding
degredation x2 enzymes
reuptake