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Pathos week 4 quiz

1.

Hypotension, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds are classic manifestations of

cardiac tamponade

2.

The most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI)

ST segment elevation

3.

Cardiogenic shock is characterized by

reduced cardiac output

4.

Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to

pulmonary stenosis

5.

The common denominator in all forms of heart failure is

decreased cardiac output

6.

Orthostatic hypotension is a risk factor for (Select all that apply.)

-Stroke

-cognitive impairment

-death

7.

Which causes of shock are considered to be obstructive? (Select all that apply.)

-Pulmonary embolus

-cardiac tamponade

-tension pneumothorax

8.

Acute coronary syndrome in the presence of thrombosis may present as ( Select all that

-Unstable angina

-MI

-sudden cardiac arrest

9.

A patient has a history of falls, syncope, dizziness, and blurred vision. The patient’s symptomology is most likely related to

hypotension

10.

Dysrhythmias are significant since they (Select all that apply.)

-can indicate an underlying

-disorder

-can impair cardiac output

11.

Left-sided heart failure is characterized by

pulmonary congestion

12.

First-degree heart block is characterized by

prolonged PR interval

13.

An abnormally wide (more than 0.10 second) QRS complex is characteristic of

premature ventricular complexes

14.

A patient with forward effects of heart failure may present with which symptoms? (Select all that apply.)

-impaired memory

-mental fatigue

-confusion

15.

Which statement is true about the incidence of heart failure? (Select all that apply.)

-Heart failure is the fastest growing cardiac disorder

-the increasing incidence and hospitalization rates of heart failure reflect the aging populations in the u.s

-the incidence of heart failure is 10 pero 1000 population after age 65

16.

A patient has heart failure with a normal ejection fraction. Which findings are most likely found in this patient? (Select all that apply.)

Pulmonary congestion

-edema

-ejection fraction greater than 50%

17.

The most common causes of heart failure are (Select all that apply.)

-Myocardial ischemia

-hypertension

18.

A patient’s ECG lacks recognizable waveforms and is deemed to be in sinus arrest. The patient’s sinus arrest may be a result of (Select all that apply.)

-MI

-electrical shock

-electrolyte disturbance

-acidosis

19.

The effect of nitric oxide on systemic arterioles is

Vasodilation

20.

Massive release of histamine with consequent vasodilation and hypotension occurs with what type of shock?

Anaphylactic

21.

Sepsis has been recently redefined as a

systematic inflammatory response to infection

22.

Tachycardia is an early sign of low cardiac output that occurs because of

baroreceptor activity

23.

Which causes of shock are considered to be obstructive? (Select all that apply.)

-pulmonary embolus

-cardiac tamponade

-tension pneumothorax

24.

Positive inotropic drugs work by increasing (Select all that apply.)

-contractility

-cardiac output

-tissue perfusion

-myocardial oxygen demand

25.

Lactated Ringer solution and normal saline are commonly used ________ solutions that contain electrolytes.

Crystalloid

26.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the

conversion of antigiotensin 1 and 2

27.

Aortic regurgitation is associated with

diastolic murmur

28.

Tumor necrosis factor a and interleukin-1 contribute to shock states because they induce production of

catecholamines

29.

Myocarditis should be suspected in a patient who presents with acute onset of

left ventricular dysfunction

30.

A loud pansystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla is most likely a result of

mital regurgation

31.

The Juxtaglomerular cells in the liver, when stimulated by low arterial pressure release renin activates angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

true

32.

Atrial natriuretic peptides cause kidneys to increase sodium and water excretion by increasing the glomerular filtration rate.

true

33.

Coronary perfusion can be altered by all of the following except;

with increased data receptor input there is a decreased coronary artery filling time

34.

Rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence of

hemolytic streptococcal infection

35.

Angina due to coronary artery spasm is called _____ angina

Prinzmetal Variant

36.

Which one is false about Restrictive Cardiomyopathy?

Etiologies including amyloidosis and sarcoidosis

37.

Which is false about Patent Ductus Arteriosus?

Considered acyantoic involves the foreman ovale

38.

The ____________ is the failure of the pulmonary artery and aorta to separate resulting in the formation of one large vessel that receives blood from both the right and left ventricles.

Truncus arteriosus

39.

A patient presents to the emergency department with a diastolic blood pressure of 132 mm Hg, retinopathy, and symptoms of an ischemic stroke. This symptomology is likely the result of

hypertensive crisis

40.

After sitting in a chair for an hour, an elderly patient develops moderate lower extremity edema. His edema is most likely a consequence of

right sided heart failure