Boers

Dutch farmers that settlers in South Africa

Zulus

A native African group who fought with the Boers for control of the land were herders and agriculturists moved into southern Africa.

Afrikaaners

The descendants of the Boers are called Afrikaners, a term formerly applied to Boers who were not farmers.

Transvaal Rebellion

The First Boer War fought from 16 December 1880 until 23 March 1881 between the United Kingdom and Boers of the Transvaal.

Boer War

Lasting from 1899 to 1902, Dutch colonists and the British competed for control of territory in South Africa.

Shaka Zulu

Leader of Zulu people in South Africa. He used highly disciplined warriors and good military organization to create a large centralized state. United the area before white settlers moved in.

Cecil Rhodes

played a major political and economic role in colonial South Africa. He was a financier, statesman, and empire builder with a philosophy of mystical imperialism.

Quinine

a drug used for fighting malaria and other fevers

Belgian Congo

Was quested for its rubber and ivory. Soldiers of the Belgian army forced the natives to do work and treated them savagely, often cutting off their hands to prove they used ammunition on humans when they were really using the ammunition on wildlife.

Berlin Conference

A meeting from 1884-1885 at which representatives of European nations agreed on rules colonization of Africa

Scramble for Africa

Term given for the rapid invasion of Africa by the various European powers. European countries partitioned the continent into parts and brought nearly all of the African continent under their control as part of their separate empires. This began imperialism in Africa.

Maxim gun

the first automatic machine gun; invention that allowed conquest of the interior of Africa

Artificial boarders (European made)

a fixed line generally following latitude or longitude lines. compared to a natural boundary which is based on physical features of the land such as rivers, lakes or chains of mountains

Henry Stanley

British-American explorer of Africa, famous for his expeditions in search of Dr. David Livingstone. He helped King Leopold II establish the Congo Free State.

King Leopold

King of Belgium who began imperialistic trade inside of Africa which resulted in the Scramble for Africa.

King Menelik II

The king of Ethiopia who defeated the Italians and used nationalism to keep his country independent and avoid European imperialism.

Crimean War

19th century war between the Ottomans and Russia. France, Britain, and Italians helped the Ottomans to defeat Russia but it ultimately proved the growing weakness of the Ottoman Empire.

Suez Canal

A ship canal in northeastern Egypt linking the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea

Mission civilisatrice (French) or "The Civilizing Mission"

missionaries goal to implant french culture, language and religion, equivalent to white man's burden. The mission to "westernize' indigenous peoples.

Indochina

French colony made up of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam

Plantation

large estate farmed by many workers