1) The circulatory systems of bony fishes, rays, and sharks are most similar to _____.

1. A) those of birds, with a four-chambered heart
2. B) the portal systems of mammals, where two capillary beds occur sequentially, without passage of blood through a pumping chamber
3. C) those of sponges, where gas exchange in all cells occurs directly with the external environment
4. D) those of humans, where there are four pumping chambers to drive blood flow

Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation

Section: 42.1

A
B
C
D

Answer: B

2) Organisms with a circulating body fluid that is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the body's cells are likely to have _____.

1. A) an open circulatory system
2. B) a closed circulatory system
3. C) a gastrovascular cavity
4. D) branched tracheae

Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis

Section: 42.1

A
B
C
D

Answer: B