What are the three types of salivary glands and where are they located in the mouth?

Parotid, Sublingual, and submandibular glands located in the roof of the mouth, cheeks, and under the jawbone, respectively.

Which of the following substances is excreted by the kidneys to regulate blood pressure?

Renin

What is the chemical formula for water?

H2O

Which of the following units is used to indicate length?

m (Meter)

A researcher collects data on the number of cars passing through a busy intersection at different times of the day for a month. This data would be most useful to analyze which of the following:

Traffic patterns during rush hour

What is the largest organ in the human body by surface area?

Skin

Which of the following describes the function of ligaments?

Ligaments attach to bones

What is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Innate immunity is present at birth while adaptive immunity is acquired after exposure to pathogens.

Which of the following is responsible for carrying amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis?

tRNA

What are the steps involved in the scientific method?

Observation, hypothesis, prediction, experimentation, analysis, conclusion.

What is the difference between a solid and a liquid?

Solids have a definite shape and volume while liquids have a definite volume but no fixed shape.

Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for regulatebreathing rate and depth?

Diaphragm

What is the difference between a monosaccharide and a disaccharide?

Monosaccharides are simple sugars that cannot be further broken down into simpler sugars while disaccharides are composed of two simple sugars.

Which of the following is the process by which DNA is copied into RNA?

Transcription

What is the role of calcium in muscle contraction?

Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to initiate the sliding of actin and myosin filaments.

What is the name of the dome-shaped muscle that plays a key role in breathing?

Diaphragm

What is the role of the epididymis in sperm maturation?

The epididymis stores and protects sperm cells until ejaculation.

Which of the following is a function of the respiratory system?

Exchange of gases between the body and the environment

What is the difference between isotonic and isometric muscle contractions?

Isotonic contractions produce movement while isometric contractions produce no movement.

Which of the following is a characteristic of innate immunity?

It provides immediate, non-specific protection.

Which of the following is NOT one of the four primary tissue types found in the human body?

Exocrine glandular

Which of the following is a type of genetic mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides in a DNA sequence?

Frameshift mutation

Which of the following describes the process of osmosis?

Movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.

Which of the following is a chemical property of a substance?

Reactivity with acid

Which statement best defines the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?

A physical change involves the rearrangement of atoms and molecules while a chemical change involves the formation of new substances with different chemical properties.

During embryonic development, which of the following germ layers forms the nervous system?

Ectoderm

What is the primary pigment responsible for photosynthesis in plants?

Chlorophyll a

Which of the following is an example of an exothermic reaction?

Burning wood

Which of the following statements is true regarding vaccines?

Vaccines work by exposing the individual to a weakened or inactivated form of the pathogen

What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

To synthesize proteins in the cell

Which of the following is an example of a double-blind study?

Both participants and researchers do not know which group participants are assigned to

What is the name of the hormone that regulates blood sugar levels in the human body?

Insulin

What is the primary physiological function of erythrocytes in the human circulatory system?

Transportation of oxygen to body tissues

What is the name of the joint that allows for rotation of the arm at the shoulder?

Shoulder joint

What is the name of the valve that separates the left atrium and left ventricle in the heart?

Mitral valve

What is the molecular geometry of a molecule of sulphur dioxide (SO2)?

Bent (V-Shaped)

What is the name of the genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21?

Down syndrome

Which of the following types of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

Transfer RNA

What are the five regions of the vertebral column, starting from the top and moving downwards?

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

Which of the following are the two major parts of the nervous system?

Peripheral nervous system and central nervous system.

The measurement indicated by the line across the center of the cell is best referred to as which of the following?

Diameter.

Which of the following ions binds to the troponin complex, initiating contraction of a muscle?

Calcium.

Which of the following microorganisms lack their own metabolic pathways and can only reproduce inside of a host cell?

Viruses

Which of the following is the atomic number of an atom that has 12 protons and 12 neutrons?

12

Which of the following types of cells produce and release antibodies?

Plasma B cells

Which of the following organic molecules contain both an amine and carboxyl group?

Proteins

Which of the following allows the AIDS virus, which contains RNA, to insert viral DNA into the DNA of a host cell after the AIDS virus enters the cell?

Reverse transcriptase, an enzyme encoded by the virus.

Which of the following is the main function of centrosomes in animal cells?

Microtubule organization

Which of the following is a group that can be measured against the experimental group?

Control

Which of the following is used to determine a person's DNA sequence?

Genes

The cytoskeleton of a cell is comprised of which of the following macromolecules?

Proteins

Which of the following properties of water explains its solvent abilities for certain substances?

Polarity of water molecules

Stimulus: 1of 1.

A group of students performed an experiment to test terminal velocity, which is the greatest speed obtained by a falling object.

The students dropped different numbers of coffee filters and measured the resulting terminal velocity.

Which of the following conclusions is supported by the data in the following data table?

#OF FILTERS

MASS (g)

TERMINAL VELOCITY (m/s)

1

1.01

1.74

2

1.99

2.48

3

3.02

3.04

4

4.0

3.50

5

5.01

3.80

Heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects.

Which of the following indicates the function of sodium bicarbonate secreted by the pancreas?

Sodium bicarbonate neutralizes the acidity of chyme.

Which of the following results in osteoporosis?

A decline in osteoblast activity while osteoclast activity continues at expected levels.

Which of the following is the process in which an ovarian follicle matures and releases a reproductive egg?

Ovulation

What is the approximate threshold value for mammalian neurons?

-55 mV

Which of the following processes causes most of the carbon dioxide from the blood to move into the alveoli?

Diffusion down a concentration gradient.

A myocardial infarction affects which of the following blood vessels of the heart?

Coronary

Which of the following structures is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Cell membrane

In the following data table of an experiment carried out at 4°C (39.2 F) over 4 hours

Solution in bag

Solution outside bag

Bag mass change (g):

water

Water

-0.2

20% sucrose

Water

+2.4

, 40% sucrose

Water

+4.3

, 60% sucrose

water

+5.8

Which of the following options represents the dependent variable?

Bag mass change

Which of the following is the structure through which blood exits the glomerulus?

Efferent arteriole

In a plant in which fuzzy leaves (F) are dominant over smooth leaves (f), which of the following crosses will produce only offspring with smooth leaves?

ff x ff

Which of the following represents the complementary strand of a DNA sequence 3' TCGATCGCA 5'?

5’ AGCTAGCGT 3’

Which of the following structures in the female reproductive system secretes hormones to maintain the uterine lining during pregnancy?

Corpus luteum

Which of the following substances is excreted by sweat glands in response to the breakdown of proteins and the formation of ammonia?

Urea

Which of the following glands synthesizes antidiuretic hormone?

Hypothalamus

In a hypertonic solution, water flows through aquaporins embedded in the plasma membrane of the cell.

This type of transport is best known as which of the following?

Osmosis

Why is it important for new scientific findings to be published?

Other scientists can validate or disprove the findings

Parasitic worm infestation is hypothesized to be damaging to the host.

However, scientists have recently discovered that worm infestation can relieve the effects of certain autoimmune disorders.

In which of the following ways should the hypothesis be modified, given the new findings?

Worm infestation reduces the severity of certain autoimmune disorders

Which of the following is correct regarding the pH scale?

A substance with a pH of 3 is 10 times more acidic than a substance with a pH of 4

Nitrogen gas is an extremely stable molecule because of which of the following?

Triple covalent bonds

Which of the following substances protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation?

Melanin

Which of the following statements best supports the hypothesis that viruses can cause cancer?

Genes that regulate cell division are found in some viruses

Which of the following physiological responses is caused by the release of antidiuretic hormone?

Increase in water reabsorption in the collecting duct

Which of the following is the number of protons in a lithium atom?

3

Which of the following summarizes a change that takes place as a solid turns to a liquid?

Particles become less ordered.

The pleura is a connective tissue sheath that covers which of the following organs?

Lung

Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood?

Pulmonary vein

Which of the following is the function of a totipotent cell?

Develops into any kind of cell.

Which of the following can lead to a tsunami?

Earthquakes

Testosterone is categorized as which of the following types of hormones?

Androgen

In a phase diagram, which of the following is the term used for a substance held at a temperature and pressure where the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of a substance exist simultaneously?

Triple point

Which of the following best describes the result of using a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

The reaction is completed in a shorter amount of time

Which of the following substances is responsible for donating H+ ions to act as a buffer when blood pH rises?

Carbonic acid

To separate genomic DNA fragments by size, which of these laboratory methods is most useful?

Electrophoresis

Hikers who found a human body at high altitude in the Italian Alps thought the man had died recently, but tests indicated he was shot with an arrow more than 5,300 years ago.

Which of the following would be the best reason for prolonged preservation of the body? .

The body was frozen in the cold temperature of the Alps shortly after he died and remained frozen until it was found

Experiments cannot validate hypotheses, only falsify them. The statement above can be restated in which of the following ways?

A hypothesis that has not been falsified remains provisional.

In which of the following regions of the body are the tibia and fibula?

Crural

Which of the following functions does the myelin sheath perform for a nerve cell?

Insulation

Which of the following occurs in an oxidation reaction?

Removal of electrons

Punnet Square

An organism with an unknown genotype is crossed with another organism that shows the recessive trait (aa). The Punnet square belowshows the results. Which of the following is the unknown genotype?

Unknown

Unkonwn

a

Aa

aa

a

Aa

aa

Aa

To accurately measure the density of a series of small irregular solids made of plastic, wood, fibreglass, and glass, a student will need which of the following laboratory tools?

Graduated cylinder, water, weighing balance

Emphysema caused by damage to alveoli from toxins and pollutants is likely to result in the body having difficulty performing which of the following actions?

Exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide

For which of the following reasons does a chloride ion have a negative charge?

It gained an electron

Which of the following substances is excreted by sweat glands in response to the breakdown of proteins and the formation of ammonia?

Urea

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the substance exists as which of the following?

Simultaneously in solid, liquid, and gas phases

A patient goes to the doctor with a cold and sore throat and asks for antibiotics. The doctor refuses to prescribe antibiotics to the patient because the illness is caused by which of the following pathogens?

Virus

Which of the following is an efferent neuron that is responsible for releasing a neurotransmiter that stimulates a muscle cell to contract?

Motor neuron

Which of the following is the process in which an ovarian follicle matures and releases a reproductive egg?

Ovulation

Which of the following structures is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Cell membrane

Which of the following actions allows for repolarization of a neuron?

The opening of potassium channels allowing potassium to leave the neuron

Which of the following structures is an exocrine gland?

Parotid gland

Which of the following classes of biological molecules includes enzymes?

Proteins

Which of the following substances is responsible for donating H+ ions to act as a buffer when blood pH rises?

Carbonic acid

If a portion of a strand of DNA bases reads 3’TCGATCGCA5’, what would the sequence of bases on the complementary strand read?

5’AGCTAGCGT 3’

An individual suffers severe blunt trauma to the thoracic cavity. Which of the following organs are at greatest risk from this injury?

Heart and lungs

Which of the following is a component of the integumentary system that secretes pheromones?

Apocrine gland

Which of the following growth curves shows a population that is at its carrying capacity?

B

Lipids absorbed in the small intestine will first enter which of the following structures?

Lacteal vessels

Which of the following layers of skin lack blood vessels?

Epidermis

Which of the following immune system molecules creates holes in the cell membranes of their target cells in order to destroy the cell?

Perforins

Use the table below to answer the question.

Object

Mass (g)

Time of fall (sec)

1

5.0

2.0

2

5.0

1.0

3

30.0

0.5

4

35.0

1.5

Which of the following conclusions is supported by the data?

The time of fall is independent of the mass of the object.

Which of the following properties does soap, an emulsifier, have that make it useful for washing dirt off one’s hands with water?

Soap’s dual polar and nonpolar nature helps bond oil and water

Which of the following correctly orders structures from simple to complex?

Atoms, cells, tissues, organs

The covalent bonds between the monomers of an enzyme macromolecule are:

Peptide bonds

Which of the following is a protein present in blood plasma?

Fibrinogen

Which of the following describes a genetic mutation that results in uncontrolled division of a single cell within the body?

Cancer

Which of the following tools can be used to measure the turbidity of a liquid by measuring the transmission of light through the sample?

Spectrophotometer

A researcher wants to gather data on the average wing strength of all birds found in the American Northwest. The researcher only has one small net, so all large birds were excluded from the study. The researcher's results were different than expected, but he believes his data include enough birds to estimate the strength of all birds. For which of the following reasons should this data be rejected?

Data are biased by the methodology

If a mother's____________cell contains mutated DNA, this mutation can be passed to her offspring. Which of the following options correctly completes the sentence above?

germ.

The mitochondrial inner membrane carries out the same function in cellular respiration as the ________ membrane of chloroplasts in photosynthesis.

Which of the following correctly completes the sentence above?

Thylakoid

Both digestion and absorption happen in which of the following parts of the digestive system?

Small intestine

A study found two processes, Process A and Process B, to be correlated. Which of the following is true for these processes?

The study does not indicate a causal relationship between the processes.

How many times stronger is the hydrogen-ion concentration of a pH 4 solution as compared with a pH 9 solution?

100,000

Which of the following terms describes the relaxation of the chambers of the heart during the cardiac cycle?

Diastole

Which of the following summarizes a change that takes place as a solid turns to a liquid?

Particles become less ordered.

Genetic information describing the characteristics of an organism is found in which of the following?

Nuclei

Which of the following organs filters excess solutes from the blood?

Kidney

Which of the following is a function of bone?

Storage of minerals

#OF FILTERSMASS (g)

TERMINAL VELOCITY (m/s)

11.011.7421.992.4833.023.0444.03.5055.013.80

A group of students perform an experiment to test terminal velocity, which is the greatest speed obtained by a falling object. The students dropped different numbers of coffee filters and measured the resulting terminal velocity. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the data in the following data table?

Heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects.

A myocardial infarction affects which of the following blood vessels of the heart?

Coronary

Which of the following endocrine organs in the diagram below is involved in regulating milk production following childbirth?

Pituitary gland

Nitrogen gas is an extremely stable molecule because its structure contains which of the following?

Triple covalent bonds

Which of the following is a mass within the ovary that secretes hormones to maintain the uterine lining during pregnancy?

Corpus luteum

Which of the following statements best describes the function of erythropoietin in the human body?

It aids in raising hemoglobin levels in the blood.

Which of the following properties of water explains its solvent abilities for certain substances?

Polarity of water molecules

Which of the following is a group that can be measured against the experimental group?

Control

To separate genomic DNA fragments by size, which of these laboratory methods is most useful?

Electrophoresis

In a hypertonic solution, water flows through aquaporins embedded in the plasma membrane of the cell. This type of transport is best known as which of the following?

Osmosis

Which of the following allows the AIDS virus, which contains RNA, to insert viral DNA into the DNA of a host T-cell after the AIDS virus enters the cell?

Reverse transcriptase, an enzyme encoded by the virus.

In a plant in which fuzzy leaves (F) are dominant over smooth leaves (f), which of the following crosses will produce only offspring with smooth leaves?

ffx ff

In a phase diagram, which of the following is the term used for a substance held at a temperature and pressure where the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of a substance exist simultaneously?

Triple point

Which of the following indicates the function of sodium bicarbonate released by the pancreas?

Sodium bicarbonate neutralizes the acidity of chyme.

Which of the following substances protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation?

Melanin

Which of the following is the structure through which blood exits the glomerulus?

Efferent arteriole

Which of the following substances is responsible for donating H+ ions to act as a buffer when blood pH rises?

Carbonic acid

Which of the following microorganisms lack their own metabolic pathways and can only reproduce inside of a host cell?

Viruses

Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood?

Pulmonary vein

Testosterone is categorized as which of the following types of hormones?

Androgen

Which of the following chemicals is released by one type of immune cell to directly activate another type of immune cell?

Cytokines

In a certain plant, red flowers are dominant over white flowers. A plant heterozygous for red flowers and a plant with white flowers are crossed. Which of the following is the expected proportion of phenotypes in the next generation?

2 red, 2 white

Which of the following are used to determine a person's DNA sequence?

Genes

Which of the following reasons explains why it is important for new scientific findings to be published?

Other scientists can validate or disprove the findings.

Which of the following summarizes a change that takes place as a solid turns to a liquid?

Particles become less ordered.

The cytoskeleton of a cell is comprised of which of the following macromolecules?

Proteins

Lithium has an atomic number of 3 and a mass number of 7. Which of the following is the number of protons in a lithium atom?

3

Which of the following is the main function of centrosomes in animal cells?

Microtubule organization

Which of the following physiological responses is caused by the release of antidiuretic hormone?

Increase in water reabsorption in the collecting duct

Which of the following is the process in which an ovarian follicle matures and releases a reproductive egg?

Ovulation

Which of the following glands synthesizes antidiuretic hormone?

Hypothalamus

Which of the following organic molecules contain both an amine and carboxyl group?

Proteins

Which of the following respiratory structures is affected by a disease that disrupts gas exchange, such as emphysema?

Alveoli

The vermiform appendix extends from the region of the large intestine known as which of the following?

Cecum

Which of the following structures drains oxygen-depleted blood from the kidneys?

Renal Vein

Which of the following distinguishes endocrine and exocrine glands from another?

The presence or absence of ducts

Which of the following organs removes nitrogenous waste from the body?

Kidneys

Which of the following substances is excreted by sweat glands in response to the breakdown of proteins and the formation of ammonia?

Urea

in pea plants, green pod color (6) is dominant to yellow pod color ( A cross was done between a plant with green pods and a plant with yellow pods. Of the resulting offspring 50% had green pods and 50% had yellow pods. Which of the following were the genotypes of both parent plants?

Gg x gg

Which of the following structures is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Cell membrane

Which of the following would result in an increase in the chemical reaction?

Using a mortar and pestle to grind a solid reactant to a powder

Which of the following atoms is most likely to become a cation?

Fluorine, atomic number 9

Which of the following cells transfers pigment granules to adjacent epidermal cells?

Melanocytes

in which of the following locations does fertilization of an egg cell typically occur?

Fallopian Tube

Which of the following pathways best represents the expected flow of blood from the human heart to an organ?

Blood pumped from the heart first enters arteries that then narrow to form arterioles that deliver blood to capillaries of the organ

The hip is an example of which of the following type of joints?

Ball-and-socket

Which of the following is an example of a biological macromolecule?

Nucleic acid, Protein

Which of the following demonstrates a chemical reaction of water?

Water produces gas with sodium metal

The component of an atom that possesses relatively little mass, thus being negligible in calculating the atomic mass number, is the:

Electron

Which of the following hormones regulates blood calcium levels?

Parathyroid hormone

Which of the following tissues lines the interior structures of the heart?

Endocardium

Which of the following molecules contains the fewest covalent bonds?

Chlorine molecule

Which of the following tools can be used to measure the turbidity of a liquid by measuring the transmission of light through the sample?

Spectrophotometer

Which of the following body systems breaks down proteins into amino acids?

Digestive

Which of the following contains a human's hereditary information?

chromatin

Which of the following organelles is the site of intracellular digestion?

Lysosomes

Which of the following types of cells stimulates other immune cells to attack and destroy foreign agents?

Helper T-Cells

Which of the following nucleotides is only found in RNA?

Uracil

Use the table below to answer the question

Object

Mass

Time of Fall

A

5.0g

2.0 sec

B

5.0g

1.0 sec

C

30.g

0.5 sec

D

35.0g

1.5 sec

Which of the following conclusions is supported by the data?

Air resistance is greater for A than for B

A slice of apple left on a table slowly goes brown due to an enzymatic reaction. Dipping the apple slice in lemon juice prevents it from browning Which of the following best explains this result?

Lemon juice has a pH which inactivates the enzymes

Which of the following characteristics of water helps explain why coastal areas experience less dramatic temperature changes during the day?

Water has a high specific heat capacity

Which of the following correctly orders structures from simple to complex?

Atoms, cells, tissues, organs

Which of the following parts of the eukaryotic cell is responsible for making ATP?

Mitochondria

Which structure of the female reproductive system is the source of the blood and mucosal tissue during menstruation? (You will find hot spots to

Select in the image below. Select only the hot spot that corresponds to your answer.

B.

Using the equation PH = -log (H+), a solution with a (H+)= 10+ M has a PH of which of the following?

1

Which of the following is the term given to the sequence of nucleotides that contains the information to make a specific protein molecule?

Gene

Which of the following is classified as a noninfectious disease?

Psoriasis

Escherichia cell is plated on nutrient agar plates that each contain a different type of antibiotic. The shaded area represents growth of the bacteria. Which of the following plates contains bacteria that were most resistant to the antibiotic

C

A represents atomic mass and 2 represents an atomic number, which of the following describes an atom after a proton is emitted?

A-1,2-1

A study found two processes. Process A and Process B, are to be correlated.

Which of the following is true for these processes?

The study does not indicate a causal relationship between the processes.

Which of the following endocrine organs in the diagram below is involved in regulating milk production following childbirth?

Pituitary gland

Which of the following describes one difference between skeletal muscles and cardiac muscles?

Cardiac muscles contain intercalated discs, whereas skeletal muscles do not

The "gray matter of the brain is largely made up of which of the following?

Neuron cell bodies

In order to determine the effects of energy drinks on women's running speed, researchers gave 300 women an energy drink and then recorded the time it took each of them to run 2 miles. After collecting the results, researchers concluded that energy drinks increase the speed of running in

Which of the following further tests would best help to support this conclusion?

Repeat the experiment giving half of the women water and the other half the energy drink

An experienced mountaineer decides to climb Mount Everest, taking the same route in the same season and with similar materials and equipment used in a fatal 1924 expedition Which of the following is the scientific purpose of such a climb?

To assess why the earlier expedition failed