a situation whereby talented professionals flee one country to another in search of better pay and working conditions

Brain drain

the number of persons per unit of agricultural land (countries with high physiological density risk exceeding its carrying capacity)

physiological density

shows the age and sex demographics of a particular country, city, or neighborhood

Population pyramid

the total number of people divided by the total land area (also known as real density)

Arithmetic density

the process of migration where people CHOOSE to move (guest worker programs between the US and Mexico as well as Germany and Turkey)

Voluntary migrants

predicted the British economist Thomas Malthus coined the term overpopulation in the late 1700s

Thomas Malthus

a measure of how quickly a population is growing or declining excluding emigration and immigration

Natural increase rate

shows five typical stages of population change that countries experience as they modernize

Demographic transition model

the middle point of population distributers

population center

calculated by imagining that each individual in the U.S. is an equal weight

mean center

a Danish economist who lived in the 20th century

Ester Boserup

the ability of the land and its resources and technologies to sustain a certain number of people

Carrying capacity

migration that is involuntary, meaning migrants have no choice but to move

forced migration

programs designed to increase fertility rates

pronatalist policy

shows 5 typical stages of population change that countries experience as they modernize

demographic transition model

when people migrate to and settle in a new country, they often decide to locate in a city or community where your other family members have lived

chain migration

a name for a specific location

toponym

a computer system that stores, organizes, retrieves, analyzes and displays geographic data

geographic information system (GIS)

when an underlying idea from a culture hearth is adopted by another culture but the adopting group modifies or rejects a trait

stimulus diffusion

an activity, usually political, social, or economic, that occurs across the region

functional region

the arrangement of a feature in a space

distribution

used to show quantitative difference between mapped features by varying the size of the symbols

graduated symbols

- navigation

- directions are accurate

- lines of latitude and longitude meet at right angle

- distance between lines of longitude are constant

- land masses near the poles are large

- the size and shape are very exaggerated

mercator

- spatial distribution related to area

- size of land masses are accurate

- shapes are inaccurate, especially near the poles

Peters

- general in midlatitude countries

- lines of longitude coverage

- lines of latitude are curved

- size and shape are both close to reality

- direction is not constant

- longitude lines coverage at only one pole

Conic

- general use

- no major distortion

- oval shape appears more like a glove than a rectangle

- area, shape, size, and direction are all slightly distorted

Robinson

the social and physiological effects of faster movement of information over space in a shorter period of time

time-space compression

scale the size of simple symbols (usually a circle or square) proportionally to the data value found at that location

proportional symbol map

a person´s sense of place or history and don´t have agreed on boundaries or locations

vernacular regions

the concept that the distribution of one phenomenon is scientifically related to the location of another phenomenon

spatial association

the concept that the physical environment limits human actions, but that people have the ability to adjust the physical environment

possibilism

Those that unify a group of people or region

centripetal forces

bind citizens of a state together

centripetal forces

established before an area is well populated

antecedent boundary

relate closely to culture, ethnic heritage, and to the physical geography of a particular place (EX: Judaism and Hinduism)

Ethnic religions

a tall tower that is part of a mosque with a balcony from which a muezzin calls Muslims to prayer (prominent in the architecture associated with Islam)

Minarets

the geographical and social spread of the different aspects of one culture to different ethnicities, religions, nationalities, regions, etc.

cultural diffusion

the belief that there is only one deity, or God

Monotheistic Religions

the prominent religion in central and south america

Roman catholicism

the fusion or blending of two distinctive cultural traits into a unique new hybrid

syncretism

the process through which individuals and groups of differing heritages acquire the basic habits, and attitudes

assimilation

when the underlying idea from a culture hearth is adopted by another culture but the adopting group modifies or rejects one trait

stimulus diffusion

refers to the built environment

cultural landscape

a form of syncretism that involves the creation of products or services for the global market by adapting them to local cultures

globalization

this process is most likely to occur when different cultures are in proximity to each other and can occur via immigration, marriage, conquest, or simple creativity

syncretism

the spread of culture and/or cultural traits by people who migrate and carry their cultural traits with them

relocation diffusion

the spread of culture starts from influential and powerful individuals within a society or culture

hierarchical diffusion