Breeds for each head shape:

1. Dolichocephalic - Whippet Greyhound and Borzoi
2. Mesocephalic - German Shepard, Border collie
3. Brachycephalic - pug, bulldog, Boston Terrior

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1. **Wedge-Shaped Head:**
- Breeds with a wedge-shaped head often have a pointed or tapered appearance.
- Example: Shetland Sheepdog

2. **Oval or Rounded Head:**
- Breeds with an oval or rounded head have a softer and more uniformly rounded appearance.
- Example: Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

3. **Square Head:**
- Breeds with a square head have a strong, boxy appearance with a relatively equal length and width.
- Example: Boxer

4. **Round Head:**
- Breeds with a round head have a circular or dome-shaped appearance.
- Example: French Bulldog

5. **Triangular Head:**
- Breeds with a triangular head have a distinct triangular shape when viewed from the side.
- Example: Afghan Hound

6. **Rectangular Head:**
- Breeds with a rectangular head have a longer and narrower appearance.
- Example: Greyhound

7. **Long or Dolichocephalic Head:**
- Breeds with a long or dolichocephalic head have an elongated shape.
- Example: Collie

8. **Short or Brachycephalic Head:**
- Breeds with a short or brachycephalic head have a flat and broad appearance.
- Example: Bulldog

9. **Muzzle-Length Variations:**
- Some breeds have variations in muzzle length, ranging from short to medium to long.
- Short Muzzle: Pug
- Medium Muzzle: Labrador Retriever
- Long Muzzle: Greyhound

It's important to note that individual variation can occur within breeds, and not all dogs within a breed will perfectly conform to the typical head shape associated with that breed. Additionally, mixed-breed dogs may exhibit a combination of head shapes based on their genetic heritage.

Where is the femur located?

Upper let

Where is the pubis bone?

Center of the pelvis

Where are the thoracic vertebrae?

Back of the chest

Order of the verebrae from cranial to caudal

1. Cervical Vertebrae (C1-C7):
   • Located in the neck region, closest to the head. C1 is the atlas, and C2 is the axis.
2. Thoracic Vertebrae (T1-T12):
   • Found in the upper and middle back region, associated with the ribs.
3. Lumbar Vertebrae (L1-L5):
   • Situated in the lower back region, below the thoracic vertebrae.
4. Sacral Vertebrae (S1-S5):
   • Fused vertebrae forming the sacrum, located near the base of the spine.
5. Coccygeal Vertebrae:
   • Fused vertebrae forming the coccyx, commonly known as the tailbone, at the very bottom of the spine.

List short bones:

1. Carpals:
   • Located in the wrist, carpals are short bones that form the wrist joint.
2. Tarsals:
   • Found in the foot, tarsals are short bones that contribute to the structure of the ankle.
3. Metacarpals:
   • Situated in the palm of the hand, metacarpals are short bones connecting the carpals to the phalanges (finger bones).
4. Metatarsals:
   • Located in the foot, metatarsals are short bones connecting the tarsals to the phalanges (toe bones).
5. Sesamoid Bones:
   • These are small, round bones embedded within tendons, with the patella (kneecap) being the largest sesamoid bone in the body.

List irregular bones

1. Vertebrae
2. Sacrum
3. Coccyx
4. Temporal bone
5. Sphenoid bone
6. Ethmoid bone

List the flat bones

1. Skull bones (parietal and frontal)
2. Scapula
3. Sternum
4. Ribs
5. Os coxae (hip bones)
6. Clavicle

Where is the zygomatic arch?

Under the eye

What is the purpose of the skeletal system?

To keep every in place and protected

1. Support: The bones provide a framework that supports the body and gives it structure. It maintains the body's shape and prevents it from collapsing.
2. Protection: The skeletal system protects vital organs. For example, the skull protects the brain, and the ribcage protects the heart and lungs.
3. Movement: Bones, in conjunction with muscles and joints, allow for movement. Muscles attach to bones via tendons, and when muscles contract, they pull on the bones, causing movement.
4. Mineral Storage: Bones act as a reservoir for minerals, particularly calcium and phosphorus. These minerals can be released into the bloodstream when needed for various physiological functions.
5. Blood Cell Formation: The bone marrow, found within certain bones, is responsible for the production of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets through a process called hematopoiesis.
6. Metabolic Regulation: Bones release hormones that help regulate blood sugar, phosphate, and energy metabolism.
7. Joint Stability: Joints, where bones come together, are crucial for movement and also provide stability to the skeletal system.

Who makes up the AZ board of Vet Med?

Professional and legal council

What are AVMA standaards?

Patient needs are placed first

Relieve suffering and pain

considered ethical

OSHA guildlines protect who?

The staff

How long must inactive records be kept on site?

6 months

How long must inactive records be kept before they can be destroyed?

7 months

How often is VCPR established

Every time the client comes in

Dystocia

term for difficult labor

Canis Familiaris

Scientific name for dogs

Appendicular skeleton

limbs

Hematopoiesis

Bleeding from the skeleton

What is our number 1 goal

Keep animals safe

What must be ruled out before determining a problem to be behavioral

Previous trauma, medical issues, and neurological issues

Describe the tooth/location

404-maxillary second premolar

100 quadrant

First molar

Maxillary occlusal surface

maxillary second premolar

What instrument should not be used when de-matting?

Scissors

What should be done before bathing an animal

De-matting

What should be done after wetting the animal for a bath?

Put soap on the animal

Treatment room

Space where medical procedures are done.

Isolation ward

A part of the clinic where animals with diseases stay.

Controlled drug log

a regulated and detailed recorded in veterinary practices

Disinfecting

deep cleaning - to destroy or eliminate pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, from surfaces, objects, or living tissues

Aspiration

When an animal/human breath in food or water

Crash Cart

a cart with everything a vet needs quickly for a dangerous emergency so they can respond quickly to emergencies such as cardiac arrest, respiratory distress, or other life-threatening situations.

Primary Layer

1st layer

first layer of material that comes into direct contact with the wound. This layer is typically a dressing or gauze that provides a barrier to protect the wound and facilitate the healing process.

Secondary Layer

2nd layer - the secondary layer refers to the layer of material or dressing that is applied over the primary layer and provides extra protection and allows for excess drainage.

Tertiary layer

3rd layer - in wound care -

Observation

Closely watching the animal to gather information

SOLER

• S - Sit or stand at clients level
• O - Open gestures
• L - Lean in
• E - eye contact
• R - relaxed posture

Tactile Hair

hair you can feel with

Cephalic Vein

runs along the arm - It is a superficial vein in the arm that plays a significant role in the circulatory system. It is one of the major veins of the upper limb and is commonly used for medical procedures such as venipuncture or intravenous (IV) therapy.

Lateral Saphenous

Runs along the leg - is a superficial vein located on the lateral (outer) aspect of the hind limb in animals, particularly in quadrupeds like dogs and horses. It is part of the venous system that drains blood from the lower limbs and returns it to the heart.