Which of the following best explains why countries such as Brazil, Burma (Myanmar), Kazakhstan, and Nigeria would construct a new capital city in a different location from the old capital city?

To build modern, planned cities and administrative centers

Which of the following similarities best explains why cities such as Venice, Amsterdam, Hamburg, London, and Marseilles were early front-runners in urban development in Western Europe?

These port cities were centers of trade, serving as links in terms of capital and labor mobility.

Which site factor best explains the linear pattern of urbanized areas extending between Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, New York, and Boston?

The development of cities in the region was influenced by the abundance of deep-water harbors and waterfalls where the flat coastal plains met higher lands.

As old central business districts and industrial zones in more developed countries lost businesses and employment in the mid- to late twentieth century, suburban development expanded. Which of the following types of cities resulted from rapid suburban growth and the expansion of retail areas, office developments, business centers, and corporate headquarters to provide jobs and services in suburban areas?

Edge cities

La Défense is an edge city constructed in the late twentieth century and characterized by high-rise office buildings. Which of the following best explains why La Défense is located on the outskirts of Paris?

The land at the center of Paris is filled with numerous historic buildings that residents do not want torn down.

Which of the following best explains a geographic characteristic shared by megacities in the global periphery?

Megacities demonstrate unplanned growth patterns and often contain squatter settlements.

The presence of media hubs, coalitions focusing on specific environmental challenges, and headquarters for multinational corporations in major cities help explain how such cities

are linked globally in ways that transcend national political boundaries

Which of the following best illustrates how the world cities in the table are connected globally in ways that transcend national borders?

Chinatown and the United Nations being located in New York City

Which of the following statements best explains how the world cities listed in the table function within the world’s urban hierarchy?

The top ten world cities have a significant impact on the international economy and are important drivers of globalization.

Which of the following best explains why New York City has more specialized stores than do smaller urban places in the United States?

Central place theory

Which of the following is a general theory in geography that can be used to quantify and predict the interaction between two cities based on population sizes, distance between the places, the number of migrants moving from one place to the other, or the flow of trade goods between the two locations?

Gravity model

According to the rank-size rule, which of the following is typically true of higher-order services, such as hospitals with a large number of medical specialties?

They have larger ranges and thresholds.

Which of the following models best represents an old colonial port zone and its surrounding commercial districts?

Southeast Asian city model

An advantage of the Harris and Ullman multiple nuclei model over the Burgess concentric zone model and the Hoyt sector model of internal city structure is that the multiple nuclei model

easily incorporates construction of a new airport on the urban periphery

The galactic city model was developed in response to the growth of suburbs and the need for a more complex model than the sector and concentric zone models. Which of the following is a strength of the galactic city model?

It depicts exurban nodes.

Based on a comparison of the zones in the model shown, which of the following best explains how the model is limited in its representation of present-day urban land-use patterns?

The model does not show the cost-to-distance effects of multiple suburban central business districts and the pattern of residential areas that surround them.

The photograph above shows high-density residential housing built in the early 2000s in Henderson, Nevada, a suburb of Las Vegas, developed to accommodate large increases in population in the area. Which of the following best explains the growth in population and housing shown in the image and the census data?

A cycle of rapid economic development and real estate investment

Which of the following statements explains the cost and distance relationship illustrated in the model in relation to the urban area’s residential patterns?

The lower cost of land farther from the CBD makes it affordable to build single-family homes in zones 4 and 5 for middle-income and high-income residents who desire to move into less crowded areas.

Which of the following best explains the importance of stock exchanges in the cities of Mumbai, India and Shanghai, China?

These cities function as global economic centers in the semiperiphery.

Which of the following best explains what the central business district data indicate?

Government policy makers and business partners have focused infrastructure efforts on creating a downtown work environment that is positive for economic development.

Which of the following best explains the city planning trends shown in the data table?

Social development efforts have been made to improve the quality of life for city residents.

New Urbanism is an example of sustainable urban development. This type of development is intended to

reduce the miles driven on personal vehicles

Which of the following exemplifies a smart-growth approach to urban planning?

Creation of walkable neighborhoods with mixed-use land and access to public transportation

The model above represents zones that are present in many American cities. Which of the following design concepts of urban development is likely to have the most significant impact on the reduction of urban sprawl?

Mixed-use land development in zone 5 of the model

New Urbanism is an example of sustainable urban development. This type of development is intended to

reduce the miles driven on personal vehicles

Which of the following exemplifies a smart-growth approach to urban planning?

Creation of walkable neighborhoods with mixed-use land and access to public transportation

The model above represents zones that are present in many American cities. Which of the following design concepts of urban development is likely to have the most significant impact on the reduction of urban sprawl?

Mixed-use land development in zone 5 of the model

Although gentrification can revitalize cities by rehabilitating residential areas, which of the following problems can be explained by the type of building renovations shown in the before and after images?

Higher rents causing displacement of existing residents

The image shows a squatter settlement at the edge of a city in South Africa. What information regarding causes and effects does the image convey?

The image shows the living conditions of people in the squatter settlement, who are unable to acquire permanent housing within the city.

As migrants from rural areas continue to move to cities for jobs, cities face a variety of economic and social challenges. Which of the following economic or social challenges is best illustrated by the photograph shown of Mumbai, India?

There is a significant income gap between residents on the periphery of the city and residents in the city center.

Which of the following defines Chicago’s position in relation to the infrastructure of the United States?

Situation

All of the following were crucial to the emergence of the first cities EXCEPT

separation of the ruling system and the religious system

As old central business districts and industrial zones in more developed countries lost businesses and employment in the mid- to late twentieth century, suburban development expanded. Which of the following types of cities resulted from rapid suburban growth and the expansion of retail areas, office developments, business centers, and corporate headquarters to provide jobs and services in suburban areas?

Edge cities

Today, the greatest number of urban dwellers is found in

Asia

Historically, the growth of North American suburbs was most constrained by

limited transportation

Prior to 1850 the location of all major North American cities was related, chiefly, to the presence of

navigable waterways

Today, most of the United States and Canadian population lives in which of the following?

Metropolitan areas

Which of the following best explains a geographic characteristic shared by megacities in the global periphery?

Megacities demonstrate unplanned growth patterns and often contain squatter settlements.

An example of an important physical site characteristic is a

natural harbor

Which of the following is the primary reason for the rapid population growth in megacities throughout the developing world?

Interregional migration