Enuresis

Children with difficulties in urinary control are defined as having enuresis.

manifestations

decreased bladder capacity, underlying urinary tract abnormalities, neurologic alterations, obstructive sleep apnea, constipation, UTI, pinworm infestation, diabetes mellitus, and voiding dysfunction.

nocturnal eneresis

is not a matter of excessive concern unless the child is older than 6 years or has markedly decreased self-esteem.

Diurnal Enuresis

Children with urgency, frequency, and inappropriate wetting during the day may be seen rushing to the bathroom or tightly crossing their legs.

The diagnosis of enuresis

• Urinalysis and urine culture can rule out possible UTI.
• Measurements of urine-specific gravity and urine glucose are assessed for underlying diabetes.

therapeutic management of nocturnal eneuresis

• begins with general interventions, such as explaining theories underlying the problem in terms the child can understand.
• The child is reassured that, with assistance, the problem can resolve. Common sense approaches of limiting fluids after supper and voiding just before bedtime are encouraged.
• Diet modifications include avoiding extraneous sugar and caffeine intake after 5 PM because these substances can act as bladder stimulants as well as diuretics (Elder, 2020a). Also, the child can be trained to use imagery; thinking about what a full bladder feels like and picturing waking up and going to the bathroom.