What are the rapid insulins?

Lispo, Aspart, Glulisine (LAG) "logs"

Lispro is identical to human insulin except for?

reversal of amino acids (lysine and proline)

How would you administer Lispro?

inject before meals

What are some characteristics of Lispro?

they are absorbed quickly and have a shorter half life via subQ injection

What is the onset and duration of rapid insulins?

<15 minutes and last 4-8 hours.

what do rapid/short insulins mimic?

BOLUS (quick acting) bc the effects are similar to when the pancreas releases insulin after meals

What is the rapid insulin with the shortest onset?

glulisine

What is glulisine's onset?

5-10 minutes

what is an example of a short acting insulin?

IV regular insulin

what is the insulin ONLY used for acute management of DKA, HHS, and hyperkalemia?

IV regular insulin

What is the onset, duration, and peak of IV regular insulin?

Onset: 30 minutes to 1 hour

Peak: 2-3 hours

Duration: 5-7 hours

What is the intermediate insulin?

Isophane (NPH)

What does Isophane (NPH) look like?

cloudy

Isophane + what insulin can be combined for a more consistent control of BG levels?

short acting insulin

What is Isophane (NPH) used for?

long term insulin therapy

What is the onset, peak, and duration of Isophane (NPH)?

Onset: 1-1.5 hours

Peak: 8-12 hours

Duration: 18-24 hours

What are some examples of long acting insulins?

glargine, detemir

What is the onset, peak and duration for glargine/detemir?

Onset: 1 hr

Peak: NO PEAK!!!!

Duration: 24 hours

What do intermediate/long insulins do?

provide basal dosing (they are long acting)

What is the normal range for blood glucose?

70-100

What are some signs of hypoglycemia?

hunger, tachycardia, fatigue, shaking, sweaty, pallor, headache, dizziness -> confusion, slurred speech, blurry vision, fainting, seizures, coma, agitation.

When do you administer bolus insulin?

before meals

How long do basal insulins last?

all day

What type of insulin do T1 diabetics take?

rapid/short acting

How many times a day do type 2 diabetics take their insulin?

2 times

When should the patient administer regular insulin?

30-45 minutes before meals

When should a patient administer rapid insulin?

15 minutes before meals

When should a patient administer a long acting insulin?

at bedtime or in the morning

What does A1C mean?

average glucose for the past 2-3 months

What A1C percentage means that a person is prediabetic?

>5.7

What A1C percentage means that a person is diabetic?

>6.5

What is a fasting glucose?

glucose level after not eating/drinking for the past 8 hours

What fasting glucose level means that a person is prediabetic?

>100 mg/dL

What fasting glucose level means that a person is diabetic?

>126 mg/dL

What is OGTT?

an oral glucose tolerance test taking

What OGTT level means that a person is prediabetic?

>140

What OGTT level means that a person is diabetic?

>200

T1 diabetics will always require?

exogenous insulin

T2 will eventually need insulin when?

beta cell function no longer produces endogenous insulin

What are signs and symptoms of diabetes?

polyphagia, polyuria, polydypsia

What does post prandial mean?

AFTER MEALS