patho final pt 2
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is due to….WHAT
A breast lump that is painless, hard, and unmoving is most likely…..WHAT?
breast cancer
Excessive vomiting in pregnant women is known as……..WHAT?
Hyperemesis gravidarum
The most common types of uterine tumors are known as….is WHAT?
leiomyomas
ALL symptoms in a woman diagnosed with pregnancy-induced hypertension? All that apply.)
Cervical cancer can be detected in the early, curable stage by the ________ test.
Pap smear
Which symptom suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia?
heartburn
The most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction is…what
Adhesions
Acute pain at McBurney’s point is indicative of…..WHAT
Appendicitis
Celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associated with…WHAT
inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods
Barrett esophagus is a……WHAT?
preneoplastic lesion
Esophageal varices represent a complication of ________ hypertension.
portal
A patient with chronic gastritis would likely be tested for….WHAT
H. Pylori
Premature infants are at greater risk for developing…..WHAT
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Disorders of the esophageal smooth muscle function where dysphagia is a symptom include which of the following? All that apply.)
Crohn disease is associated with what complications? All that apply.)
Medication classes are used to treat Ulcerative Colitis (UC)? All that apply.)
Patients with acute pancreatitis are generally made NPO and may require continuous gastric suctioning in order to……WHAT?
remove the usual stimuli for pancreatic secretion.
Most gallstones are composed of…WHAT?
cholesterol
Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of…WHAT?
pancreatitis
The definitive treatment for cholecystitis is…..WHAT?
cholecystectomy
Chronic pancreatitis may lead to….WHAT?
diabetes mellitus
It is true that biliary cancer…….WHAT?
tend to be asymptomatic and progress insidiously
More than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with…WHAT?
alcoholism
WHAT Patients at risk for development of cholesterol gallstones? All that apply.)
Jaundice is a common manifestation of..WHAT??
problem with:
Liver transaminase elevations in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is markedly greater than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is characteristic of…WHAT?
alcohol-induced injury
A viral hepatitis screen with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) should be interpreted as ________ hepatitis B.
acute
laboratory data would support a diagnosis of hemochromatosis?
Elevated ferritin
A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. The expected diagnosis is….WHAT?
gastroesophageal varices
A patient being treated for hepatic encephalopathy could be expected to receive a(n) ________ diet.
low-protein and high-fiber
An infusion of mannitol would be prescribed to treat…WHAT
cerebral edema
________ disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which excessive amounts of copper accumulate in the liver.
Wilson
Steatohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of ________ in the liver cells.
fat
Diabetes insipidus is a condition that…..WHAT?
inadequate ADH secretion
Clinical manifestations of Graves disease may include…WHAT?
tremor
Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism……ARE WHAT?
result from decreased serum ionized calcium
The formation of active vitamin D…….WHAT?
is impaired in renal failure
Aldosterone secretion is regulated by the presence of ________ in the circulation.
angiotensin II
A symptom associated with primary Cushing syndrome is….WHAT?
hyperglycemia
Growth hormone-deficient infants would display…….WHAT?
normal birth length and weight
A thyroid gland that grows larger than normal is known as…..WHAT?
goiter
A tumor which results in excessive production and release of catecholamines is…WHAT?
Pheochromocytomas
Calcitonin is produced by thyroid parafollicular cells and increases bone formation by…WHAT?
osteoblasts
Are major classifications of deficiencies in growth hormone secretion? All that apply.)
Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in…WHAT?
increased facilitated cellular diffusion of glucose
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with…WHAT?
nonketotic hyperosmolality
Diabetic neuropathy is thought to result from…..WHAT?
decreased myoinositol transport
In diabetic ketoacidosis, respiratory compensation may occur through a process of…….WHAT?
respiratory alkalosis
Therapies appropriate for a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus? All that apply.)
Hormones that increase serum glucose level? All that apply.)
Microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus? All that apply.)
Secondary injury after head trauma refers to…what?
brain injury due to the body's response to tissue damage
Risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke include…..WHAT?
acute hypertension
Clinical manifestations of a stroke within the right cerebral hemisphere include..WHAT?
left-sided muscle weakness and neglect
Cerebral aneurysm is most frequently the result of…WHAT?
subarachnoid hemorrhage
Leakage of CSF from the nose or ears is commonly associated with….WHAT?
basilar skull fracture
Rupture of a cerebral aneurysm should be suspected if the patient reports…WHAT?
sudden, severe headache
A college student living in a dormitory reports a stiff neck and headache and is found to have a fever of 102°F. This information is most consistent with…..WHAT?
meningitis
A level of ____ on the Glasgow Coma Scale indicates likely fatal damage.
3
Brain disorders that are a cause of acute brain injury? All that apply.)
The primary reason that prolonged seizure activity predisposes to ischemic brain damage is that……WHAT?
the lack of airway maintenance can lead to hypoxia
the dementia of Alzheimer disease is associated with structural changes in the brain, including…WHAT?
deposition of amyloid plaques in the brain
Parkinson disease is associated with…WHAT?
degeneration in the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway
Dopamine precursors and anticholinergics are all used in the management of Parkinson disease because they…..WHAT?
increase dopamine activity in the basal ganglia
What effect do demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis have on neurotransmission?
slower rate of action potential conduction
The stage of spinal shock that follows spinal cord injury is characterized by….WHAT?
absent spinal reflexes below the level of injury
It is true that Bell palsy is a…..WHAT?
paralysis of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve
It is recommended that women of childbearing age take folic acid daily for prevention of…WHAT?
neural tube defects
Which neurologic disorder is commonly referred to as Lou Gehrig disease?
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Which statement is true about the incidence of multiple sclerosis?
the age of onset rages from 20 to 50 years
Orthostatic hypotension may be a manifestation of…WHAT?
parkinson disease
Pain is thought of as…..WHAT?
subjective experience that is difficult to measure
Referred pain may be perceived at some distance from the area of tissue injury, but generally felt……WHERE?
within the same dermatome
Most sensory afferent pain fibers enter the spinal cord by way of the ________ nerve roots.
posterior
The ________ is the level of painful stimulation required to be perceived.
threshold
One of the most common causes of acute pain is…WHAT?
headache
Muscular dystrophy includes a number of muscle disorders that are..WHAT
genetically transmitted
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease in which……
acetylcholine receptors are destroyed or dysfunctional
A Type I open fracture is best described as a bone that is…what?
compound fracture
The complication which is not likely to result from an open, transverse fracture of the tibia and fibula is…WHAT?
air embolus
What type of fracture generally occurs in children?
greenstick
Most muscle strains are caused by…WHAT
abnormal muscle contractions
Healing of a fractured bone with a poor alignment is called…WHAT?
malunion
The pathophysiology of osteomalacia involves…WHAT?
inadequate mineralization in the osteoid
The most common site affected in Paget disease is the…WHAT?
lower spine
The most common type of osteomyelitis is…WHAT?
hematogenous
The most common symptom of multiple myeloma is…WHAT?
bone pain
Manifestations of fibromyalgia often include which of the following? All that apply.)
Characteristics of scoliosis include which of the following? All that apply.)
Individuals diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at risk for developing numerous complications of various organs because of???
immune injury to basement membranes
Ankylosing spondylitis is characterized by…???
The earliest manifestation of scleroderma is????
raynaud phenomenon
The most common presenting sign/symptom with rheumatic fever is????
polyarthritis
Enteropathic arthritis is associated with?????
inflammatory bowel disease
The pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis involves?????
immune cells accumulaating in pannus and destroying articular cartilage
The chief pathologic features of osteoarthritis are?????
Characteristics of gout include which features? All that apply.)
For which signs/symptoms of Lyme disease would the nurse assess? All that apply.)
Which are signs and symptoms of Sjogren syndrome? All that apply