to adapt to

change your behaviour bc the situation has changed

to alter

make sth different but without changing it completely

to amend

change sth slightly, usually to correct a mistake in a statement, document, etc.

to evolve

change gradually, often from sth simple to sth more complicated

to reform

change a law, system, organization, etc. to make it better

to restore

return sth to its former state or condition, e.g. a building. a painting

to reverse

change sth so it is the opposite of what it was before: ...a decision/policy

to transform

completely change the appearance or character of sth. often to make it better

transition

a period of change from one state or condition to another: in ...

to resist

refuse to accept sth and try to stop it happening

to enforce

make people obey sth; ... the law

to impose sth

make sb accept sth against their wished (on/upon sb)

to pursue

follow or try to achieve sth over a period of time: ... a policy/goal

to bring sth about

make sth happen

subtle

not easy to notice or understand: a ...difference; OPP obvious

to facilitate

make an act or process easier to achieve

ongoing

continuing to develop: an ...process/ investigation

consultation

the act of discussing sth with sb before making a decision consult sb v; consultative adj a consultative process/committee

to implement

make sth that has been decided start to happen SYN put sth into practice

to conserve

avoid wasting sth

to switch (to sth)

change or make sth change from using one thing to using another

-saving

not wasting anything: energy-..., a labour-...device

eco-

(short for ...logy/...logical) relating to the environment: an ...-disaster

consumption

the act of using energy, food or materials. A person is a consumer. V to consume

saving

an amount of sth, such as money or time, that you do not need to spend or use

appliance

a machine you use at home, e.g. a fridge, a washing machine

on standby

If a TV is ..., it is connected to the power supply but is not in use

to charge sth (up)

pass electricity through sth to store it there

tumble dryer

a machine that uses hot air to dry clothes

to dispose of sth

get rid of sth that you do not want or cannot keep disposal

landfill (site)

an area of land where large amounts of rubbish

toxic

poisonous: ...chemicals/gases/substances

better still

even better. Still is used here and with other comparative adjectives to make a comparison stronger: longer still

to monitor

watch and check sth over a period of time to see how it develops or changes

investment

a thing that is worth buying because it will be useful and helpful

to generate

produce or create sth: ... electricity

to be extinct

does no longer exist

to clear

remove sth that may not be wanted

habitat

the place where a plant or animal is usually found: the elephant's natural ...

to decline

become smaller, weaker, or less good n: be in ...

region

a part of a country or the world

conservation

the protection of the natural world

to point sth out

mention sth in order to give people information about it and make them notice it

to die out

disappear

instance (of sth)

an example or case (of sth): for ...

to consider sb/sth to be sth

think of sth/sb in a particular way

ALSO ...sb/sth AS sth

endangered

in danger of becoming extinct

species

a group of plants or animals that are all similar and can breed together

threat (to sb/sth)

the possibility of trouble or danger: be under ...

poaching

hunting animals, birds, etc. illegally. The person is a ...er.

to pose

create or give sb sth that they must deal

with: ... a threat/risk/problem

sought after

wanted by many people because it is of high quality or rare

decorative

(of an object or a building) intended to look attractive or pretty

civil war

war between groups from the same country

to divert sth/sb (from sth, to sth)

change the direction of sth, especially away from its original purpose

likelihood

SYN probability

to end up (doing sth)

find yourself in a place/situation that you did not plan/expect to be in

to wipe sth out

destroy sth completely

territory

an area that an animal considers as its own

to breed

(of animals) have sex and produce young animals

Surgery

medical treatment in which your body is cut open so that a part can be removed or repaired. SYN an operation,

operating theatre

place where an operation happens

revolutionary

producing great changes

era

a period of time that has a particular quality or character

advance (in sth)

progress made in science, medicine, technology, etc.

radical

new, different and likely to have a great effect

conventional

usual or traditional; not new or different

diagnostic

used for finding out what physical or mental problem sb has

n diagnosis

to restrict

limit the size, number or amount of sth

infectious

(of a disease/ an illness) can easily be passed on to another person

cure

a medical treatment that makes a sick person well again

vaccine

a substance which is put into the blood and protects the body from disease. The process of giving ...is ...ation

eradicate

(formal) destroy or get rid of sth completely SYN wipe (sth) out

to be confined to bed/a wheelchair

have to stay in bed/a wheelchair

procedure

a medical operation that may or may not require your body to be cut open

rate

the number of times sth happens within a particular period: survival ..., birth ..., mortality ...

organ

a part of the body that has a particular function e.g. the heart, the brain

transplant

an operation in which a damaged organ is replaced with one from a donor (=sb) who gives part of their body, blood, etc.)

enable sb/sth to do sth

make it possible for sb/sth to do sth

resume

(formal) begin sth again after an interruption

vitamin

one of several substances in certain foods that help us grow and be healthy eg ...C ; ...D

mineral

a natural substance, such as coal, salt, etc. Some ... are present in food and drink and important for good health.

supplement

sth that is added to sth else. Vitamin ..., usually taken in the form of tablets, add vitamins to your diet