The most common causes of prehepatic jaundice are ________ and ineffective erythropoiesis.

hemolysis

A patient receiving chemotherapy may be at greater risk for development of

stomatitis

A patient with chronic gastritis would likely be tested for

Helicobacter pylori.

It is true that gallstones are

more common in women

Proton pump inhibitors may be used in the management of peptic ulcer disease to

decrease hydrochloric acid (HCl) secretion.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with

nonketotic hyperosmolality.

Growth hormone-deficient infants would display

normal birth length and weight.

A clinical finding that is consistent with a diagnosis of adrenocortical insufficiency is

hypoglycemia.

A tumor which results in excessive production and release of catecholamines is

pheochromocytoma

Hepatitis with the presence of autoantibodies and positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is

autoimmune hepatitis.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases

water reabsorption in the collecting tubule of the kidney.

An increase in ADH secretion occurs in response to

dehydration.

Surgical removal of a gland may result in

hyposecretion

Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in

increased facilitated cellular diffusion of glucose

It is true that growth hormone excess in adults

results in the condition of acromegaly.

A clinical finding consistent with a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is

hyponatremia

Radioactive iodine treatment is the therapy of choice in patients with Graves disease. The patient should be expected to

need lifelong thyroid replacement therapy.

The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 2 diabetes is

insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction.

A patient who should be routinely evaluated for peptic ulcer disease is one who is

being treated with high-dose oral glucocorticoids.

In type I diabetes, respiratory compensation may occur through a process of

respiratory alkalosis.

Myxedema coma is a severe condition associated with

hypothyroidism.

What effect would adrenocortical insufficiency have on an individual’s response to surgical stress?

More prone to hypotension

An infusion of mannitol would be prescribed to treat

cerebral edema.

Celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associated with

inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods.

Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to

blood or semen.

What laboratory data would support a diagnosis of hemochromatosis?

Elevated ferritin

More than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with

alcoholism

Chronic pancreatitis may lead to

diabetes mellitus.

Premature infants are at greater risk for developing

necrotizing enterocolitis.

The most challenging aspect of treatment for chronic pancreatitis is

pain control

Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with

bloody diarrhea.

Untreated acute cholecystitis may lead to ________ of the gallbladder wall.

gangrene

A silent abdomen 3 hours after bowel surgery most likely indicates

functional bowel obstruction.

An increased urine bilirubin is associated with

hepatitis

A silent abdomen 3 hours after bowel surgery most likely indicates

functional bowel obstruction.

A patient admitted with bleeding related to esophageal varices could be expected to receive a continuous intravenous infusion of

octreotide acetate.

Diabetes insipidus is a condition that

results from inadequate ADH secretion.

The signs and symptoms of adrenocortical hormone excess may occur from either a primary or secondary disorder. A symptom associated with primary Cushing syndrome is

hyperglycemia.

The formation of active vitamin D

is impaired in renal failure.

A thyroid gland that grows larger than normal is known as

goiter

Clinical manifestations of Graves disease may include

tremor

A laboratory finding that would help confirm the diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism is

hypokalemia

Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of

gastric ulcer.

What clinical finding would suggest an esophageal cause of a client’s report of dysphagia?

Chest pain during meals

It is true that the synthesis of thyroid hormones

is inhibited by iodine deficiency.

________ disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which excessive amounts of copper accumulate in the liver.

Wilson

________ is the most powerful predictor of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Obesity

Most gallstones are composed of

cholesterol

Pathophysiologically, esophageal varices can be attributed to

portal hypertension.

Fecal leukocyte screening would be indicated in a patient with suspected

enterocolitis

Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with

increased blood ammonia levels.

The finding of hypotension, rigid abdomen, and absent bowel sounds in a patient with pancreatitis

indicates peritonitis with substantial risk for sepsis and shock.

Dumping syndrome is commonly seen after __________ procedures.

gastric bypass

The most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction is

adhesions

It is true that biliary cancer

tend to be asymptomatic and progress insidiously.

an early indicator of colon cancer is

a change in bowel habits.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome) results from

blocked cortisol production.

Fecal leukocyte screening would be indicated in a patient with suspected

enterocolitis

Liver transaminase elevations in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is markedly greater than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is characteristic of

alcohol-induced injury.

A patient presenting with muscle cramps, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and prolonged Q-T intervals on EKG may be showing symptoms of

_{hypoparathyroidism}