Which of the following statements about algae and plants is true? ( Concept 29.1)
A)Plants have a waxy, waterproof cuticle, and algae do not.
B)Plants are multicellular, whereas algae are unicellular.
C)Algae have different types of chlorophyll molecules from plants.
D)Both plant and algal zygotes develop into embryos.
E)Plant cells have rigid cellulose walls, and algal cells do not.

A)Plants have a waxy, waterproof cuticle, and algae do not.

Which of the following homologies are shared by land plants and their closest living algal relatives?
A)the formation of a group of microtubules between daughter nuclei during cell division
B)rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes
C)the structure of flagellated sperm (when present)
D)the presence of peroxisomes
E)All of the listed responses are correct.

E)All of the listed responses are correct.

In moving to land, plants had to overcome which of the following challenges?
A)desiccation
B)competition from other photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria
C)many herbivores on land
D)less available CO2 in the atmosphere than in the oceans
E)All of the listed responses are correct.

A)desiccation

Alternation of generations _____.
A)is distinguished by a multicellular haploid generation and a unicellular diploid generation
B)is unique to plants
C)is distinguished by a unicellular haploid stage and a multicellular diploid generation
D)is distinguished by haploid and diploid stages that are both multicellular
E)consists of a diploid gametophyte stage alternating with a haploid sporophyte stage

D)is distinguished by haploid and diploid stages that are both multicellular

Plants undergo alternation of generations in which _____.
A)the sporophyte generation alternates with the gametophyte generation
B)male plants alternate with female plants
C)the vascular generation alternates with the nonvascular generation
D)antheridia alternate with archegonia
E)All of the listed responses are correct.

A)the sporophyte generation alternates with the gametophyte generation

Gametangia are _____.
A)multicellular in algae, single-celled in most plants
B)single-celled in algae, multicellular in most plants
C)structures specialized for gradual spore discharge
D)the site of development of the fertilized egg in algae
E)responsible for the plant's ability to retain moisture in arid environments

B)single-celled in algae, multicellular in most plants

In charophytes, _____ protect(s) zygotes from desiccation.
A)cuticles
B)tannins
C)stomata
D)sporopollenin
E)lignin

D)sporopollenin

Which is a key difference between alternation of generations in plants and sexual reproduction in nonplant organisms?
A)In other sexually reproducing organisms, the fusion of gametes forms a zygote before an embryo.
B)In other sexually reproducing organisms, the haploid and diploid generations are both multicellular.
C)In plants, only the haploid stage is multicellular.
D)In plants, the haploid generation is always dependent on the diploid generation.
E)In plants, the haploid and diploid stages are both multicellular.

E)In plants, the haploid and diploid stages are both multicellular.

The development of the _____ prevents plants from drying out and protects them from microbes.
A)apical meristem
B)flavonoid
C)gametangia
D)stomata
E)cuticle

E)cuticle

Which example below is a clade of nonvascular plants?
A)seed plants
B)pterophytes
C)lycophytes
D)bryophytes
E)None of the listed responses is correct; all land plants have vascular tissue.

D)bryophytes

Which term is most nearly synonymous with land plants?
A)seed plants
B)photoautotrophs
C)vascular plants
D)tracheophytes
E)embryophytes

E)embryophytes

A major division in plant systematics is based on whether a particular species has _____.
A)alternation of generations
B)sporophytes
C)apical meristems
D)vascular tissue
E)gametophytes

D)vascular tissue

The gametophyte stage of the plant life cycle is most conspicuous in
A)mosses
B)club mosses
C)ferns
D)horsetails
E)seed plants

A)mosses

When you see a green, "leafy" moss, you are looking at the _____.
A)sporophyte generation
B)spore-producing structure
C)gametophyte generation
D)structure where meiosis occurs
E)structure that results directly from a fertilized egg

C)gametophyte generation

Rhizoids _____.
A)have tissues in their centers that allow some mosses to grow up to 2 m tall
B)anchor the gametophytes of bryophytes
C)are found in liverworts and hornworts, but not in mosses
D)contain specialized conducting cells
E)play a primary role in water and mineral absorption

B)anchor the gametophytes of bryophytes

Which of the following produces eggs and sperm?
A)megaphylls
B)megaspores
C)moss sporangia
D)fern sporophytes
E)moss gametophytes

E)moss gametophytes

Fertilization in moss occurs when sperm swim from a(n) _____ and down the neck of a(n) _____.
A)archegonium ... antheridium
B)sporangium ... archegonium
C)antheridium ... archegonium
D)sporangium ... antheridium
E)antheridium ... sporangium

C)antheridium ... archegonium

The gametophyte generation of a moss _____.
A)is dependent on the sporophyte
B)is haploid
C)has tracheids, but no vessel elements
D)is rarely encountered, compared with the sporophyte
E)produces spores

B)is haploid

How are gametes produced by bryophytes?
A)by mitosis of spores
B)by mitosis of gametophyte cells
C)by meiosis of sporophyte cells
D)by meiosis of spores
E)by meiosis of gametophyte cells

B)by mitosis of gametophyte cells

In mosses, haploid _____ directly produce buds that grow into gametophores.
A)archegonia
B)antheridia
C)spores
D)gametophores
E)protonemata

E)protonemata

Which structure of a bryophyte sporophyte is specialized for gradual spore discharge?
A)foot
B)peristome
C)capsule
D)stomata
E)seta

B)peristome

In which bryophyte structure specifically does a zygote develop into an embryo?
A)antheridium
B)stomata
C)seta
D)archegonium
E)peristome

A)archegonium

What structures allow plants to readily take up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
A)stomata
B)cuticles
C)mitochondria
D)gametangia
E)capsules

A)stomata

Sphagnum is a _____ that forms extensive deposits of partially decayed organic material.
A)club moss
B)moss
C)lycophyte
D)liverwort
E)quillwort

B)moss

In the life cycle of a fern, the multicellular male gametangium (the sex organ that produces sperm cells) is called a(n) _____.
A)rhizome
B)frond
C)sporangium
D)archegonium
E)antheridium

E)antheridium

In the life cycle of ferns, the multicellular female gametangium (the sex organ that contains an egg) is a(n) _____.
A)frond
B)archegonium
C)rhizome
D)antheridium
E)sporangium

B)archegonium

Ferns and mosses are limited mostly to moist environments because _____.
A)their pollen is carried by water
B)they lack vascular tissue
C)their seeds do not store water
D)they lack cuticles and stomata
E)they have swimming sperm

E)they have swimming sperm

What is the evolutionary significance of megaphylls?
A)They increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.
B)They increase the surface area for photosynthesis.
C)They provide a way to transport water and nutrients throughout the plant's body.
D)They are modified leaves that have sporangia.
E)They allow plants to grow taller.

B)They increase the surface area for photosynthesis.

The "dots" on the underside of a fern frond are spore cases; therefore, what is true of the plant to which the frond belongs?
A)It is a spore.
B)It is a sporophyte.
C)It is a gametophyte.
D)It is a spermatophyte.
E)It is a gamete.

B)It is a sporophyte.

Where would you find a fern gametophyte?
A)on the underside of the leaf (frond)
B)on moist soil
C)in a freshwater stream
D)attached to the underground stem (rhizoids)
E)inside a dissected seed

B)on moist soil

Fern gametophytes are _____.
A)produced from haploid gametes
B)free-living, multicellular organisms
C)found on the underside of fern leaves (fronds)
D)photosynthetic diploid organisms
E)part of the asexual life cycle

B)free-living, multicellular organisms

To examine meiosis in ferns, you would study _____.
A)both the antheridia and the archegonia
B)the sporangia
C)both the archegonia and the sporangia
D)the archegonia
E)the antheridia

B)the sporangia

Vascular tissues of plants include _____.
A)lignin for conducting organic molecules, and phloem for conducting sugars
B)phloem for conducting water and minerals, and lignin for conducting organic molecules
C)xylem for conducting water and minerals, and phloem for conducting dissolved organic molecules
D)xylem for conducting organic molecules, and phloem for conducting water and minerals
E)cuticles for conducting water, and phloem for conducting organic molecules

C)xylem for conducting water and minerals, and phloem for conducting dissolved organic molecules

Heterosporous plants produce _____.
A)megaspores that bear antheridia and microspores that bear archegonia
B)spores that produce both archegonia and antheridia
C)seeds
D)megaspores that develop into male gametophytes and microspores that develop into female gametophytes
E)megaspores that develop into female gametophytes and microspores that develop into male gametophytes

E)megaspores that develop into female gametophytes and microspores that develop into male gametophytes

Sori can be found in which of the following?
A)mosses
B)hornworts
C)charophyceans
D)liverworts
E)pterophytes

E)pterophytes

In sporophyte ferns, the leaves are _____.
A)blades
B)megaphylls
C)microphylls
D)thalli
E)sporangia

B)megaphylls

The first large forests formed in the Carboniferous Period. The drawdown of CO2 levels by all of these plants caused _____.
A)a lack of CO2 for photosynthesis
B)global cooling
C)seed plants to become the dominant types of plants on Earth
D)global warming
E)the formation of fewer stomata in plant leaves

B)global cooling