Reproductive System Ch. 27 Module 2: Section 27.04-27.06 Dynamic Study Module
Identify the part of spermatogenesis indicated by "A."
Spermatogonium
Ex.
The part of spermatogenesis indicated by "A" is a spermatogonium .
Identify the part of spermatogenesis indicated by "B."
Cytoplasm of adjacent sustentocytes
Ex.
The parts of spermatogenesis indicated by "B" are the cytoplasm of adjacent sustentocytes .
Identify the part of spermatogenesis indicated by "C."
Primary spermatocyte
Ex.
The part of spermatogenesis indicated by "C"
is the
primary spermatocyte
.
Identify the part of spermatogenesis indicated by "D."
Secondary spermatocyte
Ex.
The part of spermatogenesis indicated by "D" is the secondary spermatocyte .
Identify the part of spermatogenesis indicated by "E."
Early spermatids
Ex.
Testicular interstitial endocrine cells produce testosterone.
Sustentocytes deliver nutrients to spermatozoa and make up the blood testis barrier. Spermatogonia give rise to sperm. Estrogen is a female sex hormone.
Identify the part of spermatogenesis indicated by "F."
Late spermatids
Ex.
The part of spermatogenesis indicated by "F" are the late spermatids .
Match the phase of meiosis to the event that occurs in the phase: prophase I.
Crossovers occur.
Ex.
Crossovers occur in prophase I.
Match the phase of meiosis to the event that occurs in the phase: Metaphase I.
Tetrads align along the cell's equator.
Ex.
In metaphase I, tetrads align along the cell’s equator.
During metaphase I, the tetrads line up randomly at the spindle equator, so that either the paternal or maternal chromosome can be on a given side. During anaphase I, the sister chromatids representing each homologue behave as a unit—almost as if replication had not occurred—and the homologous chromosomes, each still composed of two joined sister chromatids (a dyad), are distributed to opposite ends of the cell.
Match the phase of meiosis to the event that occurs in the phase: Anaphase I.
Homologous chromosomes separate from one another.
Ex.
As shown in the figure, during anaphase I, homologous chromosomes separate from one another.
Match the phase of meiosis to the event that occurs in the phase: Telophase I.
Two haploid daughter cells are formed.
Ex.
As shown in the figure, during telophase I, two haploid daughter cells are formed.
Match the phase of meiosis to the event that occurs in the phase: Telophase II.
Four genetically unique haploid cells are formed.
Ex.
As shown in the figure, during telophase II, four genetically unique haploid cells are formed.
The area of the sperm cell that contains many mitochondria is the __________.
midpiece
Ex.
The area of the sperm cell that contains many mitochondria is the midpiece.
Each resulting sperm, or spermatozoon (sper”mah-tozo’ on; “animal seed”), has a head, midpiece, and tail, which correspond roughly to genetic, metabolic, and locomotor regions, respectively. Sperm “pack” lightly.
The head of a sperm consists almost entirely of its flattened nucleus, which contains the compacted DNA. A helmetlike acrosome (ak’ro-sōm; “tip piece”) adheres to the top of the nucleus. Like a lysosome, the acrosome contains hydrolytic enzymes that, in this case, enable the sperm to penetrate and enter an egg.
The sperm midpiece contains mitochondria spiraled tightly around the microtubules of the tail. The long tail is a typical flagellum produced by one centriole (actually a basal body). The mitochondria provide the metabolic energy (ATP) needed for the whiplike movements of the tail that will propel the sperm along its way in the female reproductive tract.
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the testicular interstitial endocrine cells?
Produce testosterone
Ex.
Testicular interstitial endocrine cells produce testosterone.
Sustentocytes deliver nutrients to spermatozoa and make up the blood testis barrier. Spermatogonia give rise to sperm. Estrogen is a female sex hormone.`
Which of the following is true about meiosis?
Meiosis produces cells that have a haploid chromosome number.
Ex.
Meiosis produces cells that have a haploid chromosome number is a true statement.
Gamete formation in both sexes involves meiosis, a unique kind of nuclear division that occurs only in the gonads. One main function of meiosis is to reduce the number of chromosomes in gametes by half. The haploid chromosome number for humans is 23. The second function of meiosis is to greatly increase the genetic variability of gametes. Meiosis consists of two rounds of cell division, Meiosis I and Meiosis II.
The sperm's acrosome __________.
contains enzymes
Ex.
The sperm's acrosome contains enzymes.
The head of a sperm consists almost entirely of its flattened nucleus, which contains the compacted DNA. A helmetlike acrosome (ak′ro-sōm; “tip piece”) adheres to the top of the nucleus. Like a lysosome, the acrosome contains hydrolytic enzymes that, in this case, enable the sperm to penetrate and enter an egg.
Which male accessory gland produces an alkaline fluid containing fructose sugar?
Seminal gland
Ex.
The seminal glands produce an alkaline fluid containing fructose sugar.
Sperm and seminal fluid from the seminal gland mix in the ejaculatory duct and enter the prostatic urethra together during ejaculation. This secretion is an alkaline fluid containing fructose sugar, citric acid, a coagulating enzyme, prostaglandins, and other substances that increase sperm motility or fertilizing ability. The paired bulbo-urethral glands duct into the spongy urethra to neutralize traces of acidic urine. In addition, this mucus lubricates the glans penis when a man becomes sexually excited. During ejaculation, the prostate secretes into the prostatic urethra via several ducts. This fluid plays a role in activating sperm and accounts for up to one-third of the semen volume. It is a milky, slightly acidic fluid that contains citrate (a nutrient source) and several enzymes including one called prostate-specific antigen (PSA).
Which of the following is FALSE about sustentocytes?
Produce testosterone
Ex.
It is FALSE that sustentocytes produce testosterone.
The sustentocytes are bound to each other laterally by tightjunctions. In this way, they divide the seminiferous tubule into two compartments:
Conversion of haploid spermatids to spermatozoa is specifically called __________.
spermiogenesis
Ex.
Conversion of haploid spermatids to spermatozoa is specifically called spermiogenesis.
Each spermatid has the correct chromosomal number for fertilization (n), but is nonmotile. It still must undergo a streamlining process called spermiogenesis, during which it elongates, sheds its excess cytoplasmic baggage, and forms a tail. Follow the details of this process in the figure below.
Each resulting sperm, or spermatozoon (sper”mah-tozo’ on; “animal seed”), has a head, midpiece, and tail, which correspond roughly to genetic, metabolic, and locomotor regions, respectively.
Which male accessory gland produces a thick, clear mucus that lubricates the glans penis during sexual excitement?
Bulbo-urethral gland
Ex.
The bulbo-urethral glands produce a thick, clear mucus that lubricates the glans penis during sexual excitement.
The paired bulbo-urethral glands duct into the spongy urethra to neutralize traces of acidic urine. In addition, this mucus lubricates the glans penis when a man becomes sexually excited. During ejaculation, the prostate secretes into the prostatic urethra via several ducts. This fluid plays a role in activating sperm and accounts for up to one-third of the semen volume. It is a milky, slightly acidic fluid that contains citrate (a nutrient source) and several enzymes including one called prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Sperm and seminal fluid from the seminal gland mix in the ejaculatory duct and enter the prostatic urethra together during ejaculation. This secretion is an alkaline fluid containing fructose sugar, citric acid, a coagulating enzyme, prostaglandins, and other substances that increase sperm motility or fertilizing ability.
Correctly match the following: Prepuce.
Foreskin of the penis
Ex.
The prepuce is the foreskin of the penis.
The penis consists of an attached root and a free body that ends in an enlarged tip, the glans penis. The skin covering the penis is loose, and extends distally around the glans to form a cuff called the prepuce (pre’pūs), or foreskin.
Sometimes, the foreskin is surgically removed shortly after birth, a procedure called circumcision (“cutting around”). While circumcision is not medically necessary, it has been shown to decrease the risk of acquiring HIV. It also significantly reduces the risk of other reproductive system infections. About 60% of newborn boys in the United States are circumcised.