Bacteria that must grow in oxygen because their metabolism requires oxygen.

Obligate aerobes

Bacteria that have a flexible metabolism for oxygen conditions.

Facultative anaerobes

Bacteria that cannot grow in an oxygenated environment.

Obligate anaerobes

Many bacteria pathogen have an optimal growth between 35°C and 40°C are classified as:

Mesophiles

Which bacteria's colonies change color from white (higher temperature) to red (lower temperature)?

Serratia

pH refers to what?

The concentration of hydrogen ions

A cell that has fewer solutes than its environment

Hypotonic

A cell that has the same solute concentration as its environment

Isotonic

A cell that has more solutes than its environment

Hypertonic

A microbe such as Halobacterium salinarum thrives in high salt concentration environments is known as

Obligate halophile

Antimicrobials are compounds that kill or inhinit

Any type of microorganisms

Antibiotics are compounds that kill or inhibit

Bacteria

Antivirals are compounds that kill or inhibit

Viruses

Penicillin targets ____

The cell wall

Bacitracin targets ____

The cell wall

Tetracyclines target ____

Protein synthesis

Streptomycin targets ____

Protein synthesis

Chloramphenicol targets ____

Protein synthesis

Substances that inhibit or kill microorganisms but are gentle enough to apply to living tissue are

Antiseptics

Chemical agents that are applied to inanimate objects to kill microorganisms are

Disinfectants

A substance that has been oxidized has ____ an electron

Lost

Fermentation is a form of energy metabolism where the final electron acceptor is

An organic molecule

This type of reaction breaks down a molecule using water

Hydrolysis reaction

Which test examines protein hydrolysis?

Casein

Which test examines the deamination of an amino acid?

Phenylalanine

The API20E tests for

Gram negative bacteria

The API20E for bacteria that do

- Oxidation and fermentation

- No oxidation and fermentation

Which test examines aerobic/anaerobic respiration?

H2S

Which test examines protein utilization?

ADH

Which test examines carbon utilization?

SOR

What is the lowest taxanomic level that 16s rRNA sequence analysis is usefol for identification?

Genus

In DNA extraction, the first step is to

Break the cells open to expose the DNA

In DNA extraction, the second step is to

Remove the lipids and proteins

In DNA extraction, the third step is to

Precipitate the DNA with alcohol

Which PCR reagent indicates to the Taq polymerase which part of the DNA should be replicated (amplified)?

Primers

Which PCR reagent provides the nucleotide/base pairs that are used by the Taq polymerase to make copies of the DNA target?

dNTPs

Which phase of PCR raises the temperature to break the DNA into single strands?

Denaturation phase

Which phase of PCR allows for the primers to form hydrogen bonds with the single stranded DNA?

Annealing phase

Which phase of PCR uses the Taq polymerase to add complementary nucleotides to the single strand of DNA?

Extraction phase

When identifying a bacteria using BLAST, which metric is used?

Percent identity/similarity

The E. coli used in this experiment is either resistant to streptomycin or ampicillin. Which type of plasmid is responsible for this trait?

R plasmid

The streptomycin resistance gene is located on

Genome chromosome

The ampicillin resistance gene is located on

Plasmid

The nalidixic acid resistance gene is located on

Genome chromosome

Which resistance gene will be transferred during conjugation?

Ampicillin

Which strains will grow on the LB plate?

- E. coli (str)

- E. coli (amp, nal)

- E. coli (str, amp) conjugation strain

Which strains will grow on the LB + nal plate?

E. coli (amp, nal)

Which strains will grow on the LB
+ amp plate?

- E. coli (amp, nal)

- E. coli (str, amp) conjugation strain

Which strains will grow on the LB + str plate?

- E. coli (str)

- E. coli (str, amp) conjugation strain

Which strains will grow on the LB + amp + str plate?

E. coli (str, amp) conjugation strain