lecture 1 pediatric assessment
Chronological or Postnatal age
Age of infant calculated in days/weeks or months from the date of birth
Gestational age
Estimated time since conception
Corrected age
Age adjusted for prematurity
Postmenstrual age
Is the gestational age plus the chronological age and is reported in weeks
Full term infant
37-42 weeks of gestation
Preterm infant
<37 weeks of gestation
Post term infant
>42 weeks of gestation
Low birth weight
2.5 kg
Very low birth weight
1.5 kg
Extremally low birth weight
1 kg
Small for gestational age
Weight <10th percentile
Appropriate for gestational age
Weight between 10th and 90th percentiles
Large for gestational age
Weight >90th percentile
Growth charts for children with special health care
50th means
Avarage
<3rd & >97th
Nutritional risk
-1< z score <0
normal
-2< z score<-1
mild malnutrition
-3< z score <-2
moderate malnutrition
-3 > z score
sever malnutrition
Term infants weight changes
May lose 7% to 10% of birth weight
Preterm infant weight changes
May lose ≤15%of birth weight
Extremely low birth infants weight changes
May lose<20% of birth weight
Significant weight loss is considered in the following situation
Waterlow criteria is used for
distinguishing malnutrition as acute (wasting) versus chronic (stunting) in children 1 to 3 years old.
Failure to thrive has been defined as
Causes of failure to thrive
Organic • Presence of an underlying medical cause.
Inorganic • Nutritional, Psychological, social, or economic cause.
Goals of medical nutrition therapy for failure to thrive
Total energy needs for catch-up growth
When do we use catch up growth?
Estimating energy needs for children with developmental disabilities
Estimating energy needs for premature infants
Some important areas to focus on in the dietary assessment include:
how much does human milk contains of calories approximately ?
20 kcal/30 ml
Recommended feeding schedule
Contraindications to breastfeeding
Assessment of the adequacy of feeding