raised area on lateral surface of humerus to which deltoid muscle attaches

deltoid tuberosity

arm bone

humerus

along with the scapula, a bone in the shoulder girdle

clavicle

along with the ulna, a forearm bone

radius

scapular region to which the clavicle connects

acromion

shoulder girdle bone that is unattached to the axial skeleton

scapula

shoulder girdle bone that transmits force fromt he upper limb to the bony thorax.

clavicle

depression in the scapula that articulates with the humerus

glenoid cavity

process above the glenoid cavity that permits muscle attachment

coracoid process

the "collarbone"

clavicle

distal condyle of the humerus that articulates with the ulna

trochlea

medial bone of forearm in anatomical position

ulna

rounded knob on the humerus; adjoins the radius

capitulum

anterior depression, superior to the trochlea, which receives part of the ulna when the forearm is flexed

coraniod fossa

forearm bone involved in formation of the elbow joint

ulna

wrist bones

carpals

finger bones

phalanges

heads of these bones form the knuckle

metacarpals

along with the sternum, bone that articulates with the clavicle

scapula

Why is the clavicle at risk to fracture when a person falls on his or her shoulder?

It is a slender, lightweight bone that withstands trauma poorly

Why is it generally no problem for hte arm to clear the widest dimension of the thoracic cage?

The clavicle acts as a strut to hold the glenoid cavity of the scapula (therefore the arm) laterally away from the narrowest dimension of the rib cage.

What is the total number of phalanges in the hand?

14

What is the total number of carpals in the wrist?

8

Name the carpals (medial to lateral) in the proximal row. Next name the carpals (medial to lateral) in the distal row.

pisiform, triagular (triquetrium), lunate, scaphoid; hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium.

flexibility most important

pectoral girdle

massive

pelvic girdle

lightweight

pectoral girdle

nsecure axial and limb attachments

pectoral girdle

secure axial and limb attachments

pelvic girdle

weight-bearing most important

pelvic girdle

What organs are protected, at least in part, by the pelvic girdle?

uterus (female), bladder, small intestine, rectum

Why are the pelvic bones of a four-legged animal (like a cat or pig) much less massive than those of the human?

The pelvic girdle does not have to carry the entire weight of the trunk in the quadruped animal.

Distinguish between the true pelvis and the false pelvis

The true pelvis is the region inferior to the pelvic brim, which is encircled by bone. The false pelvis is the area medial to the flaring iliac bones and lies superior to the pelvic brim.

A person instinctively curls over his abdominal area in times of danger. Why?

Abdominal area organs recieve the least perotection from the skeletal system.

For what anatomical reason do many women appear to be slightly knock-kneed?

The pelvis is broader and the acetabula and ilia are more laterally positioned. thus, the femur runs downward to the knee more obliquely than in the male.

What does "fallen arches" mean?

A weakening of the tendons and ligaments supporting the arches of the foot.

inferoposterior "bone" of the coxal bone

ishium

point where the coxal bones join anteriorly

pubic symphysis

superiormost margin of the coxal bone

iliac crest

deep socket in the coxal bone that receives the head of the thigh bone

acetabulum

joint between axial skeleton and pelvic girdle

sacroiliac joint

longest, strongest bone in the body.

femur

thin lateral leg bone

fibula

heavy medial leg bone

tibia

point where the patellar ligament attaches

tibial tuberosity

kneecap

patella

shin bone

tibia

medial ankle projection

medial malleolus

lateral ankle projection

lateral malleolus

largest tarsal bone

calcaneus

ankle bones

tarsals

bones forming the instep of the foot

sacroiliac joint

opening in hip bone formed by the pubic and ischial rami

obturator foramen

tarsal bone that "sits" on the calcaneus

talus

weight-bearing bone of the leg

tibia

tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia

talus